The invention relates to a method for producing a flat steel product made of a medium manganese steel having a TRIP/TWIP effect. The aim of the invention is to achieve an improvement in the yield strength when a sufficient residual deformability of the produced flat steel product is obtained. This aim is achieved by the following steps: cold rolling a hot or cold strip, annealing the cold-rolled hot or cold strip at 500 to 840° C. for 1 minute to 24 hours, temper rolling or finishing the annealed hot or cold strip to form a flat steel product having a degree of deformability between 0.3% and 60%. The invention further relates to a flat steel product produced according to said method and to a use thereof.

The austenitic heat resistant steel of the embodiment contains: 24 to 50% by mass of Ni, 5 to 13% by mass of Cr, 0.1 to 12% by mass of Co, 0.1 to 5% by mass of Nb, 0.1 to 0.5% by mass of V, 1.90 to 2.35% by mass of Ti, 0.01 to 0.30% by mass of Al, 0.001 to 0.01% by mass of B, 0.001 to 0.1% by mass of C, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.

The austenitic heat resistant steel of the embodiment contains: 24 to 50% by mass of Ni, 5 to 13% by mass of Cr, 0.1 to 12% by mass of Co, 0.1 to 5% by mass of Nb, 0.1 to 0.5% by mass of V, 1.90 to 2.35% by mass of Ti, 0.01 to 0.30% by mass of Al, 0.001 to 0.01% by mass of B, 0.001 to 0.1% by mass of C, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of iron-based corrosion resistant hardfacing alloys. The alloys can be designed through the use of different compositional, thermodynamic, microstructural, and performance criteria. In some embodiments, chromium content in the alloy can be increased while avoiding the formation of different hard chromium carbides, thereby increasing the corrosion resistance of the alloy.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of iron-based corrosion resistant hardfacing alloys. The alloys can be designed through the use of different compositional, thermodynamic, microstructural, and performance criteria. In some embodiments, chromium content in the alloy can be increased while avoiding the formation of different hard chromium carbides, thereby increasing the corrosion resistance of the alloy.

Provided is a material for a cold-rolled stainless steel sheet having a chemical composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.01% to 0.05%, Si: 0.02% to 0.75%, Mn: 0.1% to 1.0%, P: 0.04% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 16.0% to 18.0%, Al: 0.001% to 0.10%, N: 0.01% to 0.06% and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities. The material has a metallographic structure including a martensite phase having an area ratio of 5% to 50% and the balance being a ferrite phase. A ferrite phase in portions extending from surface layers of front and back surfaces of a steel sheet has an average grain diameter of 20 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and a ferrite phase in a central portion of the sheet includes an unrecrystallized ferrite phase.

This ferritic stainless steel contains, by mass %, C: 0.001% to 0.030%; Si: 0.01% to 1.00%, Mn: 0.01% to 2.00%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.0100% or less, Cr: 11.0% to 30.0%, Mo: 0.01% to 3.00%, Ti: 0.001% to 0.050%, Al: 0.001% to 0.030%, Nb: 0.010% to 1.000%, and N: 0.050% or less, with a remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein an amount of Al, an amount of Ti, and an amount of Si (mass %) satisfy Al/Ti≧8.4Si−0.78.

This invention provides methods for fabricating a hard or soft magnet with tailorable magnetic and crystallographic orientations. Methods are disclosed to individually tailor three-dimensional voxels for selected crystallographic orientations and, independently, selected magnetic orientations with location specificity throughout a magnet. Some variations provide a method of making a magnet, comprising: providing a feedstock composition containing magnetic or magnetically susceptible materials; exposing the feedstock composition to an energy source for melting, thereby generating a first melt layer; solidifying the first melt layer in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field, thereby generating a magnetic metal layer containing a plurality of individual voxels; optionally repeating to generate a plurality of solid layers; and recovering a magnet comprising the magnetic metal layer(s), wherein the externally applied magnetic field has a magnetic-field orientation that is selected to control a magnetic axis and a crystallographic texture within the magnetic metal layer(s).

Provided is a steel for nitrocarburizing that can ensure hardened case depth by suppressing precipitation of Cr, V, and Nb in a part of the surface layer very close to the surface. The provided steel comprises: a specific chemical composition satisfying 9.5≤([Cr]/52+[V]/50.9+[Nb]/92.9+M)×10.sup.3≤18.5, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities; and a steel microstructure in which an area ratio of bainite phase with respect to the entire microstructure is more than 50%.

This ferritic stainless steel sheet contains, by mass %: C: 0.001% to 0.020%; Si: 0.01% to 4.00%; Mn: 0.01% to 3.00%; P: 0.010% to 0.040%; S: 0.0001% to 0.0100%; Cr: 10.0% to 15.0%; N: 0.001% to 0.020%; Al: 0.50% to 10.0%; and either one or both of Ti: 0.05% to 0.40% and Nb: 0.05% to 0.40%, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, in which Cr/(Si+Al) is 10.0 or less, and a specific gravity is 7.6 g/cm.sup.3 or less.