Provided is a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having excellent adhesion with an insulating coating even if the thickness of the insulating coating is reduced. The non-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present disclosure has an insulating coating on at least one surface of the steel sheet, where the insulating coating has a P-concentrated layer on both a surface side and an interface side with a steel substrate, and a P concentration of the P-concentrated layer is higher than a P concentration in the steel substrate.

To provide a magnesium alloy with improved corrosion resistance by surface modification, and a production method thereof. (1) The surface-modified magnesium alloy comprising: a magnesium alloy having an arbitrary shape; a magnesium fluoride layer formed by fluorination of the surface of the magnesium alloy; and a diamond-like carbon layer formed on the magnesium fluoride layer. (2) The method comprising: subjecting a surface of a magnesium alloy having an arbitrary shape to fluorination treatment to form a magnesium fluoride layer on the surface of the magnesium alloy, and then subjecting the magnesium alloy with the magnesium fluoride layer to be placed in a high-frequency plasma CVD device such that a source gas containing carbon is introduced to form a diamond-like carbon layer on the magnesium fluoride layer.

This invention relates to a photocatalytic material, a hot water process method to synthesize the photocatalytic material and a method for water treatment with the photocatalytic material. The photocatalytic material includes metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures synthesized from a metallic material by a hot water process, wherein the hot water process comprises treating the metallic material with hot water under a treatment condition for a period of time so as to form the metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures on a surface of the metallic material.

Provided are a metallic foil manufacturing method in which a metallic film electrodeposited by electrolysis on the surface of an electrodeposition surface of a cathode is peeled off to form a metallic foil, and the electrodeposition surface used therein is obtained by subjecting a roughened surface, which results from roughening a smoothed surface made of titanium or titanium alloy using a blast treatment, etc., to an oxidation treatment selected from thermal oxidation, anodic oxidation (preferably anodic oxidation carried out while moving the anodic oxidation solution), or a combination treatment of thermal oxidation and anodic oxidation so that the electrodeposition surface has an oxidation layer with a thickness of 30 to 250 nm on the uppermost layer and has a surface roughness RZJIS of 4 to 10 m.

In an aluminium-based coating for steel sheets or steel strips, the coating includes an aluminium-based coat applied in a hot-dip coating method, a covering layer containing aluminium oxide and/or hydroxide being arranged on the coat. The covering layer is produced by plasma oxidation and/or hot water treatment at temperatures of at least 90 C., advantageously at least 95 C., and/or steam treatment at temperatures of at least 90 C., advantageously at least 95 C. Alternatively, the covering layer containing aluminium oxide and/or hydroxide can be produced by anodic oxidation, the coat being produced in a molten bath with a Si content of between 8 and 12 wt. %, and an Fe content of between 1 and 4 wt. %, the remainder being aluminium.

In an aluminium-based coating for steel sheets or steel strips, the coating includes an aluminium-based coat applied in a hot-dip coating method, a covering layer containing aluminium oxide and/or hydroxide being arranged on the coat. The covering layer is produced by plasma oxidation and/or hot water treatment at temperatures of at least 90 C., advantageously at least 95 C., and/or steam treatment at temperatures of at least 90 C., advantageously at least 95 C. Alternatively, the covering layer containing aluminium oxide and/or hydroxide can be produced by anodic oxidation, the coat being produced in a molten bath with a Si content of between 8 and 12 wt. %, and an Fe content of between 1 and 4 wt. %, the remainder being aluminium.

Provided are a metallic foil manufacturing method in which metallic film electrodeposited by electrolysis on the surface of an electrodeposition surface of a cathode is peeled off to form a metallic foil, and the electrodeposition surface used therein is obtained by subjecting a roughened surface, which results from roughening a smoothed surface made of titanium or titanium alloy using a blast treatment, etc., to an oxidation treatment selected from thermal oxidation, anodic oxidation (preferably anodic oxidation carried out while moving the anodic oxidation solution), or a combination treatment of thermal oxidation and anodic oxidation so that the electrodeposition surface has an oxidation layer with a thickness of 30 to 250 nm on the uppermost layer and has a surface roughness R7.JIS of 4 to 10 m.

This application relates to an enclosure for a portable electronic device. The enclosure includes a titanium substrate having interstitial nitrogen atoms, where the titanium substrate is characterized as having an a* value that is less than 1, a b* value that is less than 5, and an L* value that is more than 70.

A framework of copper oxide dendrites is formed on a copper substrate, and these are then coated or plated with silver, gold, or an equivalent metal to create metal-coated dendrites with nano-structures, favorably in range of 50 to 200 nanometers. The framework of metal-coated dendrites are well suited for use in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and other practical applications.

A framework of copper oxide dendrites is formed on a copper substrate, and these are then coated or plated with silver, gold, or an equivalent metal to create metal-coated dendrites with nano-structures, favorably in range of 50 to 200 nanometers. The framework of metal-coated dendrites are well suited for use in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and other practical applications.