Functionalized textile materials are provided. At least a portion of a textile surface in includes a ceramic material, such as a binderless porous structured ceramic, and optionally, one or more functional layer is applied, resulting in a textile material with one or more desirable functional properties, such as hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity, flame retardancy, photocatalysis, anti-fouling, and/or deodorant properties.

Assemblies of stacked layers of materials are described. The assemblies include functional and structural layers. Functional layers include binderless ceramic materials on woven or non-woven substrates of natural, synthetic, or metallic materials. The layers of functional and structural materials may be configured to transport moisture or heat from an inner surface to an outer surface that is exposed to an ambient environment.

Assemblies of stacked layers of materials are described. The assemblies include functional and structural layers. Functional layers include binderless ceramic materials on woven or non-woven substrates of natural, synthetic, or metallic materials. The layers of functional and structural materials may be configured to transport moisture or heat from an inner surface to an outer surface that is exposed to an ambient environment.

The present invention provides an insulating film manufacturing method of a semiconductor process, the method comprises the steps of: placing a wafer in a processing chamber; by supplying a source gas to the processing chamber at a first pressure higher than an atmospheric pressure, forming an insulating film on the wafer as at least one of an oxidation process and a nitridation process proceeds; by supplying a purge gas to the processing chamber, purging the source gas; and, by supplying atmospheric gas to the processing chamber at a second pressure higher than atmospheric pressure, strengthening the insulation film as the heat treatment process proceeds.

A method for selectively plating a leadframe (1100) by oxidizing selected areas (401, 402, 403, 404) of the leadframe made of a first metal (102) and then depositing a layer (901) of a second metal onto un-oxidized areas. The selective oxidations are achieved by selective active marking

A method for selectively plating a leadframe (1100) by oxidizing selected areas (401, 402, 403, 404) of the leadframe made of a first metal (102) and then depositing a layer (901) of a second metal onto un-oxidized areas. The selective oxidations are achieved by selective active marking

The invention relates to a method of manufacture of an intravascular functional element that can be introduced into a hollow organ and that comprises at least one wire (10) of an alloy having nickel and titanium as alloying elements, with the following steps: preparation of a metal body of the wire (10) with a metallic surface, then formation of a first oxide layer on the metallic surface of the metal body, then performance of a heat treatment of the wire (10) in a nitrogen-containing salt bath for thermal formation of a second mixed oxide layer on the first oxide layer, wherein the total layer thickness is 15 nm to 100 nm and the mixed oxide layer contains TiO.sub.2 and at least one nitride, especially titanium oxynitride and/or titanium nitride.

The invention relates to a method of manufacture of an intravascular functional element that can be introduced into a hollow organ and that comprises at least one wire (10) of an alloy having nickel and titanium as alloying elements, with the following steps: preparation of a metal body of the wire (10) with a metallic surface, then formation of a first oxide layer on the metallic surface of the metal body, then performance of a heat treatment of the wire (10) in a nitrogen-containing salt bath for thermal formation of a second mixed oxide layer on the first oxide layer, wherein the total layer thickness is 15 nm to 100 nm and the mixed oxide layer contains TiO.sub.2 and at least one nitride, especially titanium oxynitride and/or titanium nitride.

The surface-treated steel includes: a steel; a plated layer containing Zn or a Zn alloy formed on a surface of the steel; and a chemical conversion coating film formed on a surface of the plated layer, wherein the chemical conversion coating film contains an organosilicon compound having a siloxane bond, and P and F, and when the abundance ratio of an alkylene group and a siloxane bond in the organosilicon compound is measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), a ratio A1/A2 of a peak value A1 of an absorbance at 2,800 to 3,000 cm.sup.1 indicating the alkylene group to a peak value A2 of an absorbance at 1,030 to 1,200 cm.sup.1 indicating the siloxane bond is 0.10 to 0.75.

The surface-treated steel includes: a steel; a plated layer containing Zn or a Zn alloy formed on a surface of the steel; and a chemical conversion coating film formed on a surface of the plated layer, wherein the chemical conversion coating film contains an organosilicon compound having a siloxane bond, and P and F, and when the abundance ratio of an alkylene group and a siloxane bond in the organosilicon compound is measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), a ratio A1/A2 of a peak value A1 of an absorbance at 2,800 to 3,000 cm.sup.1 indicating the alkylene group to a peak value A2 of an absorbance at 1,030 to 1,200 cm.sup.1 indicating the siloxane bond is 0.10 to 0.75.