A novel dual layer mask formulation is provided. In particular, the mask has a unique composition that protects the integrity of an underlying chromide coating, prevents chromium depletion from the chromide coating and prevents a subsequent aluminide coating from being deposited thereon.

A novel dual layer mask formulation is provided. In particular, the mask has a unique composition that protects the integrity of an underlying chromide coating, prevents chromium depletion from the chromide coating and prevents a subsequent aluminide coating from being deposited thereon.

A method of applying a protective coating to an article comprises the steps of a) depositing aluminum in a surface region of an article, and b) depositing chromium is the surface region of the article subsequent to step a), whereby at least a portion of the chromium replaces at least a portion of the aluminum. Another method and an article are also disclosed.

A method of applying a protective coating to an article comprises the steps of a) depositing aluminum in a surface region of an article, and b) depositing chromium is the surface region of the article subsequent to step a), whereby at least a portion of the chromium replaces at least a portion of the aluminum. Another method and an article are also disclosed.

Disclosed is a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having low iron loss in a frequency range of about 400 Hz. The non-oriented electrical steel sheet comprises an inner layer and surface layers, wherein the inner layer and surface layers have specific chemical compositions, each of the surface layers has an in-plane tensile stress of 5 MPa to 50 MPa, the non-oriented electrical steel sheet has a sheet thickness t of 0.01 mm to 0.35 mm, the surface layers have a total thickness t.sub.1 with a ratio t.sub.1/t of the total thickness t.sub.1 to the sheet thickness t being 0.10 to 0.70, the non-oriented electrical steel sheet has an average N content [N] in the total sheet thickness of 40 ppm or less, and an iron loss W.sub.10/400 and the sheet thickness t satisfy the following formula (1):
W.sub.10/400?8+30t(1).

Disclosed is a non-oriented electrical steel sheet having low iron loss in a frequency range of about 400 Hz. The non-oriented electrical steel sheet comprises an inner layer and surface layers, wherein the inner layer and surface layers have specific chemical compositions, each of the surface layers has an in-plane tensile stress of 5 MPa to 50 MPa, the non-oriented electrical steel sheet has a sheet thickness t of 0.01 mm to 0.35 mm, the surface layers have a total thickness t.sub.1 with a ratio t.sub.1/t of the total thickness t.sub.1 to the sheet thickness t being 0.10 to 0.70, the non-oriented electrical steel sheet has an average N content [N] in the total sheet thickness of 40 ppm or less, and an iron loss W.sub.10/400 and the sheet thickness t satisfy the following formula (1):
W.sub.10/400?8+30t(1).

An electrical steel sheet includes a surface part in which a Si concentration in the steel sheet changes continuously from a high Si concentration to a low Si concentration in a thickness direction of the steel sheet from a surface of the steel sheet, as defined by a symmetry plane located at the center of the steel sheet in the thickness direction, a boundary part in which the Si concentration changes discontinuously, and an inner part in which the Si concentration does not change substantially in the thickness direction of the steel sheet, the inner part including the center of the steel sheet in the thickness direction, wherein the electrical steel sheet has a stress distribution such that an in-plane tensile stress is generated in the surface part and an in-plane compressive stress is generated in the inner part.

An electrical steel sheet includes a surface part in which a Si concentration in the steel sheet changes continuously from a high Si concentration to a low Si concentration in a thickness direction of the steel sheet from a surface of the steel sheet, as defined by a symmetry plane located at the center of the steel sheet in the thickness direction, a boundary part in which the Si concentration changes discontinuously, and an inner part in which the Si concentration does not change substantially in the thickness direction of the steel sheet, the inner part including the center of the steel sheet in the thickness direction, wherein the electrical steel sheet has a stress distribution such that an in-plane tensile stress is generated in the surface part and an in-plane compressive stress is generated in the inner part.

Methods of forming a coating system on a surface of a cobalt-based superalloy component are provided. The method includes forming a nickel-based primer layer on the surface of the cobalt-based superalloy component; forming an intermediate nickel-containing layer on the nickel-based primer layer; and heat treating the cobalt-based superalloy component to form a diffusion coating on the surface of the cobalt-based superalloy component. The intermediate nickel-containing layer includes nickel, chromium, and aluminum. Coated cobalt-based superalloy components formed from such a method are also provided.

Methods of forming a coating system on a surface of a cobalt-based superalloy component are provided. The method includes forming a nickel-based primer layer on the surface of the cobalt-based superalloy component; forming an intermediate nickel-containing layer on the nickel-based primer layer; and heat treating the cobalt-based superalloy component to form a diffusion coating on the surface of the cobalt-based superalloy component. The intermediate nickel-containing layer includes nickel, chromium, and aluminum. Coated cobalt-based superalloy components formed from such a method are also provided.