Multilayer metallo-dielectric energy control coatings are disclosed in which one or more layers are formed from a hydrogenated metal nitride dielectric, which may be hydrogenated during or after dielectric deposition. Properties of the multilayer coating may be configured by appropriately tuning the hydrogen concentration (and/or the spatial profile thereof) in one or more hydrogenated metal nitride dielectric layers. One or more metal layers of the multilayer coating may be formed on a hydrogenated nitride dielectric layer, thereby facilitating adhesion of the metal with a low percolation threshold and enabling the formation of thin metal layers that exhibit substantial transparency in the visible spectrum. Optical properties of the coating may be tuned through modulation of metal-dielectric interface roughness and dispersion of metal nanoparticles in the dielectric layer. Electrical busbars and micro-nano electrical grids may be integrated with one or more metal layers to provide functionality such as de-icing and defogging.

Provided are: an oriented electrical steel sheet having a high tension applied to a steel sheet and excellent adhesion to a film; and a method for producing the same. This oriented electrical steel sheet includes: a steel sheet; a film A containing a crystalline material disposed on the steel sheet; and a film B containing a vitreous material disposed on the film A, wherein an element profile, which is obtained by using a high-frequency glow discharge light-emission surface analysis method, in the direction from the film B to the steel sheet satisfies formulae (1) and (2). 0.35≤(t.sub.A/t.sub.Fe/2)≤0.75 . . . (1), 0.25≤(t.sub.A/2/t.sub.Fe/2)≤1.00 . . . (2), where t.sub.A represents the peak time of an alkali metal element profile, t.sub.A/2 represents the half time of an alkali metal.

A brake disk or drum has at least one working surface which opposes a braking member such as a brake pad or shoe. A plurality of spaced, raised island formations are provided across the working surface, with channels extending between the island formations. Each raised island formation has an outer surface which contacts a brake pad or brake shoe during braking.

Electrochromic devices and methods may employ the addition of a defect-mitigating insulating layer which prevents electronically conducting layers and/or electrochromically active layers from contacting layers of the opposite polarity and creating a short circuit in regions where defects form. In some embodiments, an encapsulating layer is provided to encapsulate particles and prevent them from ejecting from the device stack and risking a short circuit when subsequent layers are deposited. The insulating layer may have an electronic resistivity of between about 1 and 10.sup.8 Ohm-cm. In some embodiments, the insulating layer contains one or more of the following metal oxides: aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, silicon aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, nickel tungsten oxide, and oxidized indium tin oxide. Carbides, nitrides, oxynitrides, and oxycarbides may also be used.

A method for preparing a modified polypropylene film, the modified polypropylene film comprising a polypropylene film; and, an oxide layer and/or nitride layer, each of which has a thickness of 20-500 nm, on a surface of the polypropylene film; the method comprising: depositing the oxide layer or nitride layer on a surface of the polypropylene film by an Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) process to obtain the modified polypropylene film; wherein the step of depositing the oxide layer or nitride layer comprises: placing the polypropylene film in an ALD reaction chamber; vacuumizing; heating up; introducing a carrier gas; and, passing at least two precursors into the reaction chamber alternately for reaction, resulting in the modified polypropylene film; wherein the precursors comprise a precursor for providing a metal element or Si, and a precursor for providing an oxygen or nitrogen element.

The present disclosure relates to a method and device for decreasing generation of surface oxide of aluminum nitride. In a physical vapor deposition process, the aluminum nitride is deposited on a substrate in a deposition chamber to form an aluminum nitride coated substrate. A cooling chamber and a cooling load lock module respectively perform a first stage cooling and a second stage cooling on the aluminum nitride coated substrate in vacuum environments, so as to prevent the aluminum nitride coated substrate with the high temperature from being exposed in an atmosphere environment to generate the surface oxide. The method and device for decreasing the generation of the surface oxide of the aluminum nitride can further eliminate crystal defects caused by that gallium nitride is deposited on the surface oxide of the aluminum nitride in the next process.

A surface coated cutting tool comprises: a tool substrate and a coating layer on a surface of the tool substrate; wherein the coating layer comprises a lower layer, an intermediate layer, and an upper layer, in sequence from the tool substrate toward the surface of the tool. The lower layer comprises an A layer having an average composition represented by formula: (Al.sub.1-xCr.sub.x)N, where x is 0.20 to 0.60; the intermediate layer comprises a B layer having an average composition represented by formula: (Al.sub.1-a-bCr.sub.aSi.sub.b)N, where a is 0.20 to 0.60 and b is 0.01 to 0.20; and the upper layer comprises a C layer having an average composition represented by formula: (Ti.sub.1-α-βSi.sub.αW.sub.β)N where α is 0.01 to 0.20 and β is 0.01 to 0.10; and the upper layer has a repeated variation in W level with an average interval of 1 nm to 100 nm between adjacent local maxima and minima.

A method for introducing a soft metal into a hard coating during a physical vapor deposition process. The method including steps of providing a substrate; depositing a bonding layer on the substrate; and depositing the hard coating on the bonding layer using vapor deposition wherein the soft metal forms islands in the hard coating.

A component for a plasma processing apparatus includes a substrate and a film on at least a part of the substrate. The film includes an oxide, a fluoride, an oxyfluoride, or a nitride of a rare earth element. A ratio σ22/σ11 of a compressive stress σ11 to occur across a surface of the film to be exposed to plasma and a compressive stress σ22 to occur across the surface in a direction perpendicular to the compressive stress σ11 is 5 or less. A plasma processing apparatus includes the above component.

The present invention relates to coated sliding parts having coating systems which allow better sliding performance under dry and/or under lubricated conditions. The coating systems according to the present invention being characterized by having an outermost layer which—is a smooth oxide-containing layer in case of sliding applications under lubricated conditions, or—is a self-lubricated layer comprising molybdenum nitride, in case of sliding applications under dry or lubricated conditions, is a self lubricated layer with a structured surface comprising a multitude of essentially circular recesses with diameters of several micrometers or below, the recesses randomly distributed over the surface.