A hard material includes a first hard phase containing titanium carbonitride as a major constituent and a binder phase containing an iron group element as a major constituent. In any surface or cross-section of the hard material, the grain size D50 at a cumulative percentage of 50% of a grain size distribution by area of the first hard phase is 1.0 μm or more, and the average aspect ratio of first hard phase particles having grain sizes larger than or equal to D50 is 2.0 or less.

A grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet exhibits excellent magnetic characteristics and excellent coating film adhesion after strain relieving annealing. The grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet includes: a steel sheet; a coating film layer A that is a ceramic coating film which is formed on the steel sheet and has an oxide content of less than 30% by mass; and a coating film layer B that is an insulating tension coating film which is arranged on the coating film layer A and contains an oxide. The binding energy of the 1s orbital of oxygen in the coating film layer B is higher than 530 eV; and tension applied to the steel sheet by the coating film layer B per a thickness of 1.0 μm of the coating film layer B is 4.0 MPa/μm or more.

A coating film has a lamination unit including a first layer and at least one of a second layer and a third layer. The first layer is a nitride or the like of a first material represented by (Cr.sub.1-a-b-cAl.sub.a[Ni.sub.1-dZr.sub.d].sub.bX.sub.c). X is at least one element selected from Ti, Nb, Si, B, W, and V. a, b, c, and d represent atomic concentrations. The second layer is a nitride or the like of the second material represented by (Al.sub.cCr.sub.1-e-fZ.sub.f). Z is at least one element selected from Si, Y, and B. e and f represent atomic concentrations. The third layer is a nitride or the like of the third material represented by (Al.sub.gCr.sub.1-g).

The preparation method for a nano composite coating having a shell-simulated multi-arch structure includes: constructing a discontinuous metal seed layer using a vacuum plating technology; and inducing the deposition of a continuous multi-arch structure layer utilizing the discontinuous metal seed layer, thereby realizing the controllable orientated growth of the nano composite coating having the shell-simulated multi-arch structure. The nano composite coating having the shell-simulated multi-arch structure is of a red abalone shell-simulated nacreous layer aragonite structure, meanwhile has high hardness and high temperature resistance, has excellent performances such as high breaking strength, low friction coefficient and corrosion and abrasion resistance in seawater under the condition of maintaining good breaking tenacity, is simple and controllable in preparation process and low in cost, has unlimited workpiece shapes, is easily produced on large scale, and has huge potential in the fields of new energy, efficiency power, ocean engineering, nuclear energy, and micro-electronic/optoelectronic devices.

A coated member, an electronic device, and a method for manufacturing the coated member are provided. The coated member comprises a substrate, a color layer formed on a surface of the substrate, and an interference layer formed on a surface of the color layer. A coordinate L* corresponding to a color space presented by the color layer in a CIE LAB color system is within a preset range. When the coordinates of L* are within the preset range, the color of the coated member may be the same or may be different from the color of the color layer. Light passes through the interference layer and then enters the color layer. The color layer reflects and refracts the light. The reflected light enters the interference layer. The interference layer interferes with the reflected light, so that the coated member appears to be a target color.

Provided is a coated cutting tool having improved wear resistance and fracture resistance and a long tool life. The coated cutting tool includes a substrate, and a coating layer formed on a surface of the substrate. The coating layer has a laminated structure in which a first layer and a second layer are alternately laminated for one or more layers. The first layer is a compound layer having a composition represented by Ti(C.sub.xN.sub.1-x). The second layer is a compound layer having a composition represented by (Ti.sub.yAl.sub.1-y)N. The laminated structure includes first to third laminated structures in this order from a substrate side to a surface side of the coating layer. An average thickness per layer of each of the first layer and the second layer in the first to third laminated structures is in a specific range. An average thickness of the first to third laminated structures is in a specific range.

A coated cutting tool includes a substrate and a coating, wherein the coating has a PVD layer being a compound of the formula Ti.sub.1-xSi.sub.xC.sub.aN.sub.bO.sub.c, wherein 0.10<x≤0.30, 0≤a≤0.75, 0.25≤b≤1, 0≤c≤0.2, and a+b+c=1. The PVD layer is a NaCl structure solid solution. The disclosure further relates to a method for producing the PVD layer by cathodic arc evaporation using a pulsed bias voltage of from about −40 to about −450 V to the substrate and using a duty cycle of less than about 12% and a pulsed bias frequency of less than about 10 kHz.

A cutting tool comprises a coating on a substrate. The coating comprises a first layer element having an overall composition comprising the metal or metalloid elements aluminum, chromium, titanium, and silicon. The first layer element comprises at least 2 N.sub.lay first layer element layers. Each of the first layer element layers comprises a nitride layer comprising the metal or metalloid elements aluminum, chromium, titanium and silicon. The N.sub.lay first layer element layers comprise at least two different types of layers that at least differ in a silicon content. A first type of the layers has a highest silicon content C.sub.Si,H, (in at. %) and a second type of the layers has a lowest silicon content C.sub.Si,L (in at. %), both relative to a total of the metal and metalloid elements, and with a ratio of the lowest silicon content C.sub.Si,L to the highest silicon content C.sub.Si,H in the range of 0.25≤C.sub.Si,L/C.sub.Si,H≤0.9.

To provide a decorative member having a cherry blossom pink color. A cherry blossom pink decorative member of the present invention includes a base and a decorative coating formed on the base, wherein the decorative coating is formed by layering an undercoat layer and a finishing layer from the base side, the undercoat layer is a carbonitride layer composed of a carbonitride of a metal containing Ti and at least one selected from Nb and Ta, and the finishing layer is a Au alloy layer composed of an alloy containing Au, a metal having a silver color, and Cu.

Coated forming tool for processing of plastics materials or aluminum or aluminum alloy materials, comprising a substrate having a substrate surface, wherein the substrate surface is coated with a coating formed of one or more layers, wherein the coating comprises a Si—C—N-based layer having element composition in atomic percentage corresponding to Si.sub.aC.sub.bN.sub.cX.sub.d with 50<a+b+c≤100, 0≤d<60, preferably 0≤d<50, wherein X is one or more elements selected from the elements hydrogen, oxygen, titanium, chromium, and/or aluminum.