An evaporation source for organic material is described. The evaporation source includes an evaporation crucible, wherein the evaporation crucible is configured to evaporate the organic material; a distribution pipe with one or more outlets, wherein the distribution pipe is in fluid communication with the evaporation crucible and wherein the distribution pipe is rotatable around an axis during evaporation; and a support for the distribution pipe, wherein the support is connectable to a first drive or includes the first drive, wherein the first drive is configured for a translational movement of the support and the distribution pipe.

An evaporation source for organic material is described. The evaporation source includes an evaporation crucible, wherein the evaporation crucible is configured to evaporate the organic material; a distribution pipe with one or more outlets, wherein the distribution pipe is in fluid communication with the evaporation crucible and wherein the distribution pipe is rotatable around an axis during evaporation; and a support for the distribution pipe, wherein the support is connectable to a first drive or includes the first drive, wherein the first drive is configured for a translational movement of the support and the distribution pipe.

Described herein are apparatuses and methods for holding a substrate in a position that minimizes particle contamination of the substrate when the substrate is being coated. Along with the apparatus, processes for reducing particle reduction on substrates are provided. The articles and processes described herein are useful in making coated glass substrates, such as used in electrochromic, photochromic, or photovoltaic technologies.

Described herein are apparatuses and methods for holding a substrate in a position that minimizes particle contamination of the substrate when the substrate is being coated. Along with the apparatus, processes for reducing particle reduction on substrates are provided. The articles and processes described herein are useful in making coated glass substrates, such as used in electrochromic, photochromic, or photovoltaic technologies.

A film formation apparatus of the present invention is a film formation apparatus which performs deposition on a substrate to be processed, and includes a supply device that is disposed in an evacuable vacuum chamber and supplies a deposition material, and a holding device that holds the substrate to be processed during deposition. The holding device includes a deposition preventing plate that covers a region to which the deposition material is adhered in the holding device, a holder that holds the substrate to be processed, and a position setter that sets a position of the substrate to be processed when the deposition preventing plate and the holder sandwich and hold the substrate to be processed. The position setter includes a roller that comes into contact with a peripheral edge end surface portion of the substrate to be processed.

A film formation apparatus of the present invention is a film formation apparatus which performs deposition on a substrate to be processed, and includes a supply device that is disposed in an evacuable vacuum chamber and supplies a deposition material, and a holding device that holds the substrate to be processed during deposition. The holding device includes a deposition preventing plate that covers a region to which the deposition material is adhered in the holding device, a holder that holds the substrate to be processed, and a position setter that sets a position of the substrate to be processed when the deposition preventing plate and the holder sandwich and hold the substrate to be processed. The position setter includes a roller that comes into contact with a peripheral edge end surface portion of the substrate to be processed.

A substrate guide of the present invention is provided on a carrier frame of a carrier which holds a substrate substantially vertically so that a surface of the substrate is in a substantially vertical direction and supports the substrate by being in contact with at least a peripheral edge end surface portion of the substrate. The substrate guide includes a base attached to the carrier frame, a substrate support which comes into contact with the peripheral edge end surface portion of the substrate held by the carrier and is attached to the base to be movable in a normal direction of the peripheral edge end surface portion in a direction parallel to the surface of the substrate, and a force-applying member which applies a force to the substrate support toward the substrate with respect to the base.

A substrate guide of the present invention is provided on a carrier frame of a carrier which holds a substrate substantially vertically so that a surface of the substrate is in a substantially vertical direction and supports the substrate by being in contact with at least a peripheral edge end surface portion of the substrate. The substrate guide includes a base attached to the carrier frame, a substrate support which comes into contact with the peripheral edge end surface portion of the substrate held by the carrier and is attached to the base to be movable in a normal direction of the peripheral edge end surface portion in a direction parallel to the surface of the substrate, and a force-applying member which applies a force to the substrate support toward the substrate with respect to the base.

A sputtering apparatus of the present invention is an apparatus performing deposition on a substrate to be processed using a sputtering method and includes a vacuum chamber, a target provided on a surface of a cathode provided in the vacuum chamber, a substrate holder provided in the vacuum chamber to face the target, and a swing unit that causes the substrate holder to be swingable with respect to the target. A swing region of the substrate to be processed in the substrate holder is set to be smaller than an erosion region of the target.

A film formation device according to an embodiment is provided with: a substrate holder for holding a substrate in an upright position relative to the horizontal plane, the substrate having a vapor deposition surface on which a vapor-deposited film is to be formed; and an evaporation source for spraying a vapor deposition material onto the vapor deposition surface while moving relative to the substrate holder upward and/or downward, the evaporation source being disposed in a region which the vapor deposition surface of the substrate held by the substrate holder is to face. The substrate holder is configured to hold the substrate in an inclined orientation relative to the vertical plane such that the upper end of the substrate is located away from the evaporation source. The film formation device according to an embodiment is further provided with an adjustment means for reducing a variation in the thickness of a vapor-deposited film on the vapor deposition surface, which results from the inclination of the substrate.