Methods of forming a fluoride or oxyfluoride layer for an optical element for use in the VUV wavelength range, which methods comprise: depositing an oxide layer; and converting the oxide layer into the fluoride or oxyfluoride layer by irradiating the oxide layer with UV/VUV radiation in the presence of an active fluorination agent. An optical arrangement has at least one such optical element. An associated device for forming a fluoride or oxyfluoride layer for an optical element is designed for use in the VUV wavelength range.

A gas sensor including a first layer including copper (I) bromide, and a second layer, which is disposed on the first layer, and is a p-type semiconductor that is different from the copper (I) bromide, wherein one of the first layer and the second layer is more preferentially in contact with detection-target gas than the other.

An extractive system, such as SPME, has an adsorptive phase in the form of a porous coating that has essentially vertical, mutually supporting, columnar structures with nanospaces at the boundaries of the grains.

The purpose of the present invention is to obtain a protective film having a segmented structure that is stable in terms of strength and that prevents the destruction or damage of a groove structure due to load deformation stress from outside and inside forces, by means of, in particular, a structure that connects a side surface of a groove to the bottom section of the groove and a structure of the bottom section of the groove. The present invention is a protective film having a segmented structure, the film being formed by depositing a film on a base material, wherein the protective film is obtained by depositing the protective film, after machining a groove in the base material, forming spaces between the segmented protective film on the base material, and the vertical cross-sectional surface of a part where the groove side surface and the groove bottom surface intersect is connected by a downward convex curve and the vertical cross-sectional surface of the bottom section of the groove is a downward convex curve or a straight line.

A pump used in a gasification system, the pump comprises a housing having an inlet and an outlet, a rotor supported within the housing for rotation relative to the housing, the rotor comprising a hub, a plurality of disks spaced apart by sections of the hub, and defining a plurality of transport channels for transporting solid carbonaceous feedstocks for the gasification system, and an interior feedstock facing surface adjacent to the solid carbonaceous feedstocks, wherein at least a portion of the interior feedstock facing surface is coated with a coating.

A method of making an article coated with DLC, includes providing a substrate; depositing a transition layer on the substrate by means of magnetron sputter deposition (MSD); depositing a DLC layer without hydrogen (H) on the transition layer by means of filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA); and doping a fluorine-doping (F-doping) layer on the DLC layer. The article has good film bonding force, high hardness, good wear resistance, good hydrophobicity and oleophobicity and high light transmittance, and the DLC layer has no H included.

Methods are provided for modifying a transparent and electrically conductive metal-oxide coating deposited on a plastic substrate. At least one surface region of the metal oxide coating is impinged by a pulse-driven electron beam. The impingement of the surface region of the metal oxide coating by the pulse-driven electron beam occurs inside a vacuum chamber into which hydrogen, argon, nitrogen, or oxygen, or a gas mixture of at least two of the above-mentioned gasses has been introduced.

Provided are a three-dimensional net-like aluminum porous body in which the diameter of cells in the porous body is uneven in the thickness direction of the porous body; a current collector and an electrode each using the aluminum porous body; and methods for producing these members. The porous body is a three-dimensional net-like aluminum porous body in a sheet form, for a current collector, in which the diameter of cells in the porous body is uneven in the thickness direction of the porous body. When a cross section in the thickness direction of the three-dimensional net-like aluminum porous body is divided into three regions of a region 1, a region 2 and a region 3 in this order, the average cell diameter of the regions 1 and 3 is preferably different from the cell diameter of the region 2.

The invention relates to a metallic foam body, comprising (a) a metallic foam body substrate made of at least one metal or metal alloy A; and (b) a layer of a metal or metal alloy B present on at least a part of the surface of the metallic foam body substrate (a), wherein A and B differ in their chemical composition and/or in the grain size of the metal or metal alloy, and wherein the metal or metal alloy A and B is selected from a group consisting of Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, Ag, and any alloy thereof; obtainable by a process comprising the steps (i) provision of a porous organic polymer foam; (ii) deposition of at least one metal or metal alloy A on the porous organic polymer foam; (iii) burning off of the porous organic polymer foam to obtain the metallic foam body substrate (a); and (iv) deposition by electroplating of the metallic layer (b) of a metal or metal alloy B at least on a part of the surface of the metallic foam body (a). The invention moreover relates to a process for the production of the metallic foam body and a use of the metallic foam body.

The optical member includes: a transparent substrate; and an antireflection film that is formed on surface, in which the antireflection film includes a fine unevenness layer and an interlayer, the fine unevenness layer includes an alumina hydrate as a major component and has a uneven structure having a shorter distance between convex portions than a wavelength of antireflection target light, the interlayer is disposed between the fine unevenness layer and the transparent substrate, a peak value of spatial frequency of the uneven structure in the fine unevenness layer is higher than 6.5 m.sup.1, and the interlayer includes at least three layers alternately including a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer.