A method for preparing a silicon monoxide composite material includes: a first stage: introducing a protective gas into a vapor deposition oven, and pre-heating a silicon monoxide raw material, such that a part of the silicon monoxide raw material is subjected to a disproportionation reaction; a second stage: continuously introducing the protective gas and introducing a carbon source gas, and subjecting the pre-heated silicon monoxide raw material to a chemical vapor deposition to form carbon nanotubes on a surface of silicon monoxide; and a third stage: after a predetermined time period, stopping introducing the carbon source gas, and stopping introducing the protective gas until the vapor deposition oven is cooled to room temperature, to prepare the silicon monoxide composite material. During the preparation process, no extra catalyst needs to be added, a product of the previous disproportionation reaction may act as a catalyst for the growth of the carbon nanotubes.

A reactor for coating particles includes one or more motors, a rotary vacuum chamber configured to hold particles to be coated, wherein the rotary vacuum chamber is coupled to the motors, a controller configured to cause the motors to rotate the rotary vacuum chamber about an axial axis of the rotary vacuum chamber such that the particles undergo tumbling agitation, a vacuum port to exhaust gas from the rotary vacuum chamber, a paddle assembly including a rotatable drive shaft extending through the rotary vacuum chamber and coupled to the motors and at least one paddle extending radially from the drive shaft, such that rotation of the drive shaft by the motors orbits the paddle about the drive shaft in a second direction, and a chemical delivery system including a gas outlet on the paddle configured inject process gas into the particles.

Silicon-containing composite particles, the process comprising the steps of: (a) providing a plurality of porous particles comprising micropores and/or mesopores, wherein the D.sub.50 particle diameter of the porous particles from 0.5 to 200 μm; the total pore volume of micropores and mesopores is from 0.4 to 2.2 cm.sup.3/g; and the PD.sub.50 pore diameter is no more than 30 nm; c (b) combining a charge of the porous particles with a charge of a silicon-containing precursor in a batch pressure reactor, wherein the charge of porous particles has a volume of at least 20 cm.sup.3 per litre of reactor volume (cm.sup.3/L.sub.RV), and wherein the charge of the silicon-containing precursor comprises at least 2 g of silicon per litre of reactor volume (g/L.sub.RV); and (c) heating the reactor to a temperature effective to cause deposition of silicon in the pores of the porous particles, thereby providing the silicon-containing composite particles.

A method is disclosed for doping a quantity of powder particles. A container having a central chamber is initially charged with a quantity of powder particles. A quantity of precursor is sublimed to form a heated precursor. A quantity of carrier gas is mixed with the precursor to form a mixture of heated precursor/carrier gas. The central chamber is charged with the heated precursor/carrier gas and then moved to cause interaction of the powder particles with the heated precursor/carrier gas to form a first monolayer coating on the powder particles. The heated precursor/carrier gas is then removed from the central chamber and the central chamber is charged with a O2/O3 gas under a plasma. The central chamber is then further moved to produce interaction of the O2/O3 gas with the first monolayer coating on the powder particles to modify the first monolayer coating to create a different, single monolayer coating forming an oxide coating on the powder particles.

An atomic layer deposition device for massively coating micro-nano particles, includes a reaction chamber and a particle container, in which an inlet port is provided at a lower end of the reaction chamber, and an inlet pipe for introducing a precursor or a carrier gas is provided in the inlet port; a chamber door is provided at an upper end of the reaction chamber, so that the particle container can be freely placed in or removed out of the reaction chamber; an air inlet hole is provided at a lower end of the particle container, and the inlet pipe enters the particle container through the air inlet hole.

A method for coating of lithium ion electrode materials via atomic layer deposition. The coated materials may be integrated in part as a dopant in the electrode itself via heat treatment forming a doped lithium electrode.

A method for preparing an oxygen-free passivated titanium or titanium-alloy powder product by means of gas-solid fluidization is provided. The new method includes placing the metal halide and the titanium powder which meet formula requirements into a gasifier and a fluidized bed reactor respectively; heating the gasifier to gasify the metal halide, and introducing dry argon and halide gas into the fluidized bed reactor; opening the fluidized bed, heating the fluidized bed, fluidizing the titanium powder after the introduction of the argon and the metal halide gas, and cooling the product to obtain the titanium powder subjected to oxygen-free passivation using metal chloride; molding the oxygen-free passivated titanium powder into a green body with powder metallurgy technology; and sintering the green body in vacuum or argon atmosphere according to the molding technology, and after temperature rise treatment, performing a densification sintering operation to obtain a high-performance titanium product component.

A reactor for coating particles includes one or more motors, a rotary vacuum chamber configured to hold particles to be coated and coupled to the motors, a controller configured to cause the motors to rotate the chamber in a first direction about an axial axis at a rotation speed sufficient to force the particles to be centrifuged against an inner diameter of the chamber, a vacuum port to exhaust gas from the rotary vacuum chamber, a paddle assembly including a rotatable drive shaft extending through the chamber and coupled to the motors and at least one paddle extending radially from the drive shaft, such that rotation of the drive shaft by the motors orbits the paddle about the drive shaft in a second direction, and a chemical delivery system including a gas outlet on the paddle configured inject process gas into the particles.

Described here is a powder comprising a plurality of lithium-containing particles having a dry, uniform protective layer, wherein the protective layer of the particles is obtained by a sequential vapor phase reaction or adsorption process. Also described is a battery comprising an anode layer and a cathode layer, wherein the cathode layer comprises lithium metal oxide or a lithium metal phosphate, wherein the metal comprises at least one of Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, Iron, Titanium, and/or Manganese, wherein the cathode particles have a dry, uniform protective layer, and wherein the anode layer comprises lithium titanium oxide particles.

Described is a method of synthesizing a plurality of core-shell nanoparticles. The method includes forming shells around a plurality of lithium sulfide nanoparticles, wherein the shells conduct electrons and lithium ions.