Improved sealing of Siemens reactor electrodes which results in improved reactor campaign times, is accomplished by use of an electrically insulating ring in combination with two seals, a first seal located in a groove in the insulating ring or in a groove in the reactor base plate adjacent the insulating ring, and a second seal not contained in a groove.

A chemical vapor deposition method comprises flowing a carrier liquid through a reactor. A fluid comprising one or more reactants is introduced into the carrier liquid. The fluid is at a first temperature and first pressure and is sufficiently immiscible in the carrier liquid so as to form a plurality of microreactors suspended in the carrier liquid. Each of the microreactors comprise a discrete volume of the fluid and have a surface boundary defined by an interface of the fluid with the carrier liquid. The fluid is heated and optionally pressurized to a second temperature and second pressure at which a chemical vapor deposition reaction occurs within the microreactors to form a plurality of chemical vapor deposition products. The plurality of chemical vapor deposition products are separated from the carrier liquid. A system for carrying out the method of the present disclosure is also taught.

A method for preparing multi-wall carbon nanotubes comprising atomizing a precursor solution comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon and a carrier gas. The mixture is then injected through an ultrasonic atomization system to form atomized precursor droplets. Then by injecting the atomized precursor droplets from the top of a vertical chemical vapor deposition reactor, the droplets can then react with a reaction gas in the reactor vessel to form a film that adsorbs to a growth surface in the reactor vessel. Layer by layer multi-wall carbon nanotubes are formed. This method is repeated to form layers of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes formed have an outer diameter of 10 nm-51 nm and a length to diameter aspect ratio of 7200-13200.

A method for preparing multi-wall carbon nanotubes comprising atomizing a precursor solution comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon and a carrier gas. The mixture is then injected through an ultrasonic atomization system to form atomized precursor droplets. Then by injecting the atomized precursor droplets from the top of a vertical chemical vapor deposition reactor, the droplets can then react with a reaction gas in the reactor vessel to form a film that adsorbs to a growth surface in the reactor vessel. Layer by layer multi-wall carbon nanotubes are formed. This method is repeated to form layers of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes formed have an outer diameter of 10 nm-51 nm and a length to diameter aspect ratio of 7200-13200.

A multi-composition fiber is provided including a primary fiber material and an elemental additive material deposited on grain boundaries between adjacent crystalline domains of the primary fiber material. A method of making a multi-composition fiber is also provided, which includes providing a precursor laden environment, and promoting fiber growth using laser heating. The precursor laden environment includes a primary precursor material and an elemental precursor material.

A composite substrate includes a sapphire substrate and a layer of a nitride of a group 13 element provided on the sapphire substrate. The layer of the nitride of the group 13 element is composed of gallium nitride, aluminum nitride or gallium aluminum nitride. The composite substrate satisfies the following formulas (1), (2) and (3). A laser light is irradiated to the composite substrate from the side of the sapphire substrate to decompose crystal lattice structure at an interface between the sapphire substrate and the layer of the nitride of the group 13 element. 5.0(an average thickness (m) of the layer of the nitride of the group 13 element/a diameter (mm) of the sapphire substrate)10.0 . . . (1); 0.1 a warpage (mm) of said composite substrate(50/a diameter (mm) of said composite substrate).sup.20.6 . . . (2); 1.10a maximum value (m) of a thickness of said layer of said nitride of said group 13 element/a minimum value (m) of said thickness of said layer of said nitride of said group 13 element . . . (3)

Multi-composition fibers with one or more refractory additives, and methods of making the fibers, are provided. The method(s) includes providing a precursor-laden environment, and promoting fiber growth using laser heating. The precursor-laden environment includes a primary precursor material and a refractory precursor material. The multi-composition fiber may include a primary fiber material, and a refractory material substantially homogeneously intermixed with the primary fiber material.

A boron filled hybrid nanotube and a method for producing and rendering boron filled hybrid nanotubes suitable for applications are provided. A mixture of a boron containing nanowire producing compound and catalysts is prepared and ground for a predetermined time period. The ground mixture is subjected to a vapor deposition process including passing an inert gas over the ground mixture after adding a nanotube producing compound to the ground mixture or after passing a reactant gas on the ground mixture in a reactor at a configurable reaction temperature and a configurable reaction pressure for a configurable reaction time to produce the boron filled hybrid nanotubes with enhanced mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Each boron filled hybrid nanotube includes one or more boron based nanowires embedded within one or more single walled or multi-walled nanotubes. The boron filled hybrid nanotubes are further purified and functionalized using acids, and/or bases, and/or surfactants.

A reactor and method for seeded growth of nano-products such as carbon nanotubes, wires and filaments in which selected precursors are introduced into the reactor which is heated to a temperature sufficient to induce nano-product formation from interaction between the precursor gases and a nanopore templated catalyst. The selected precursors are segregated in the reactor through a plate defining two chambers which are sealed off from each other except for a void space provided in the plate. The void space is closed off by a membrane having nanopores and a catalyst formed as a layer. Atomic transfer of material from the selected precursors to form the nano-products on the catalyst layer in the other of the chambers occurs by diffusion through the catalyst layer to form the nano-product on the other of the chambers absent a pressure drop between the two chambers.

A method for preparing multi-wall carbon nanotubes comprising atomizing a precursor solution comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon and a carrier gas. The mixture is then injected through an ultrasonic atomization system to form atomized precursor droplets. Then by injecting the atomized precursor droplets from the top of a vertical chemical vapor deposition reactor, the droplets can then react with a reaction gas in the reactor vessel to form a film that adsorbs to a growth surface in the reactor vessel. Layer by layer multi-wall carbon nanotubes are formed. This method is repeated to form layers of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes formed have an outer diameter of 10 nm-51 nm and a length to diameter aspect ratio of 7200-13200.