The present disclosure is directed to a metal-containing apparatus including a substrate member constructed of a metal that is highly resistant to pitting corrosion and wear in aggressive media. An exemplary metal-containing apparatus is a plate heat exchanger. The metal includes an oxidation layer on the surface thereof and a thin metal oxide nanoporous film on top of the oxidation layer. The nanoporous film is highly compliant and is comprised of oxygen and aluminum, titanium, silicon, zirconium and combinations thereof.

A room temperature curable anticorrosion sol-gel coating composition for a metal substrate, comprising a carboxylic acid or 2,4-pentanedione stabilized water based sol-gel of zirconate-silica nano particles which is combined with a glycidoxyalkyl-alkyoxysilane before coating onto a metal substrate. The coating is chemically cured on the metal substrate, forming a corrosion protective layer.

An oil separator is provided. The oil separator includes a housing providing an oil separation space therein. An inlet introducing oil/gas mixture into the oil separation space is provided within an upper portion of the housing. An outlet discharging oil is provided within the lower portion of the housing. A gas discharge conduit is connected to the oil separation space. A portion of a surface exposed in the oil separation space is provided with a nanorod layer.

An oil separator is provided. The oil separator includes a housing providing an oil separation space therein. An inlet introducing oil/gas mixture into the oil separation space is provided within an upper portion of the housing. An outlet discharging oil is provided within the lower portion of the housing. A gas discharge conduit is connected to the oil separation space. A portion of a surface exposed in the oil separation space is provided with a nanorod layer.

The present disclosure provides a precursor solution of an indium gallium zinc oxide film and a method of preparing an indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistor. The precursor solution is provided with an indium salt, a gallium salt, a zinc salt, a stabilizing agent, and a solvent. The stabilizing agent is ethanolamine. Use of ethanolamine helps to promote an oxidation process of the precursor solution, and reduce an oxygen vacancy concentration in the indium gallium zinc oxide film, so as to improve negative bias of a threshold voltage of a channel layer made of the indium gallium zinc oxide film in a thin film transistor.

A method for treating surfaces of fasteners made of titanium alloy or corrosion-resistant steel using a sol-gel pretreatment process prior to the application of an aluminum pigment coating. The sol-gel pretreatment process produces an interface film on the fastener surface, which interface film comprises an organometallic-based network system. The interface film aids in improving adhesion and surface roughness when fasteners are used in interference fit conditions (i.e., the hole diameter is smaller than the fastener shank diameter).

An inorganic coating solution composition including an alkali metal silicate, a curing agent, a dispersant, a defoamer, and a solvent, wherein the curing agent is phosphoric acid (H.sub.2PO.sub.4), the dispersant is at least one selected from among Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol 400 and polyvinyl alcohol, and the defoamer is at least one selected from among a silicone-based defoamer, an alcohol-based defoamer, a mineral oil-based defoamer and a powder defoamer.

The present disclosure provides sol-gels, sol-gel films and substrates, such as vehicle components, having a sol-gel film disposed thereon. At least one sol-gel is the reaction product of an organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent, the sol-gel having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the sol-gel. At least one vehicle component comprises a sol-gel coating system, comprising a metal substrate and a sol-gel disposed on the metal substrate, and the sol-gel is the reaction product of an organosilane, a metal alkoxide, an acid stabilizer, and an organic solvent, the sol-gel having about 10 wt % or less water content based on the total weight of the sol-gel.

A method of preparing an article having a slippery surface includes providing a metal-containing surface, chemically modifying the metal-containing surface to roughen the metal-containing surface, and disposing a lubricating layer on the roughened metal-containing surface, wherein the lubricating layer is substantially stabilized on the roughened metal-containing surface.

A method of preparing an article having a slippery surface includes providing a metal-containing surface, chemically modifying the metal-containing surface to roughen the metal-containing surface, and disposing a lubricating layer on the roughened metal-containing surface, wherein the lubricating layer is substantially stabilized on the roughened metal-containing surface.