Assemblies of stacked layers of materials are described. The assemblies include functional and structural layers. Functional layers include binderless ceramic materials on woven or non-woven substrates of natural, synthetic, or metallic materials. The layers of functional and structural materials may be configured to transport moisture or heat from an inner surface to an outer surface that is exposed to an ambient environment.

Assemblies of stacked layers of materials are described. The assemblies include functional and structural layers. Functional layers include binderless ceramic materials on woven or non-woven substrates of natural, synthetic, or metallic materials. The layers of functional and structural materials may be configured to transport moisture or heat from an inner surface to an outer surface that is exposed to an ambient environment.

A metal sheet is provided. The metal sheet includes a substrate having two faces, each face hot dip coated with a metal coating of zinc, aluminum and magnesium. The metal coatings include between 0.1 and 20 wt % of aluminum and 0.1 and 10 wt % of magnesium. Layers of magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide are formed on outer surfaces of the metal coatings. The layers are altered by applying an acid solution on the outer surfaces of the metal coatings or by applying mechanical forces using a roller leveler, a brushing device, or a shot-blasting device on the outer surfaces of the metal coatings. The metal sheet also includes a layer of oil deposited directly on the outer surfaces of the metal coatings.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing, a metal surface treatment agent capable of exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance and excellent coating adhesion in painted metal materials; and a metal surface treatment method using the metal surface treatment agent. The problem is solved by a pretreatment agent that is used in a pretreatment of a chemical conversion treatment performed for forming a chemical conversion coating on/over a surface of a metal material, the pretreatment agent containing: a metal alkoxide (A) containing at least one metal element selected from zirconium, titanium, vanadium, and aluminum; and at least one sulfonic acid (B) selected from methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid. The problem is also solved by a chemical conversion treatment agent that contains a zirconium alkoxide (a) and a zirconium-containing ion supply source (b), and has a pH of 1.5 to 6.5.

The present invention addresses the problem of providing, a metal surface treatment agent capable of exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance and excellent coating adhesion in painted metal materials; and a metal surface treatment method using the metal surface treatment agent. The problem is solved by a pretreatment agent that is used in a pretreatment of a chemical conversion treatment performed for forming a chemical conversion coating on/over a surface of a metal material, the pretreatment agent containing: a metal alkoxide (A) containing at least one metal element selected from zirconium, titanium, vanadium, and aluminum; and at least one sulfonic acid (B) selected from methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, hydroxymethanesulfonic acid, and hydroxyethanesulfonic acid. The problem is also solved by a chemical conversion treatment agent that contains a zirconium alkoxide (a) and a zirconium-containing ion supply source (b), and has a pH of 1.5 to 6.5.

A method for producing a metal sheet is provided. The method includes providing a steel substrate having two faces, depositing a metal coating on each face by dipping the substrate in a bath, cooling the metal coatings, altering layers of magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide formed on the outer surfaces of the metal coatings, and depositing a layer of oil on the outer surfaces of the metal coatings.

A method for producing a metal sheet is provided. The method includes providing a steel substrate having two faces, depositing a metal coating on each face by dipping the substrate in a bath, cooling the metal coatings, altering layers of magnesium oxide or magnesium hydroxide formed on the outer surfaces of the metal coatings, and depositing a layer of oil on the outer surfaces of the metal coatings.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a chemical conversion coated metal sheet including a metal substrate and a chemical conversion coating film laminated on at least one surface of the metal substrate, in which the chemical conversion coating film contains a water-soluble resin, and a lubricant having carbon-oxygen bonds; a thickness of the chemical conversion coating film is 0.2 to 1m; and the lubricant includes 1 atom % or more of carbon atoms configuring the carbon-oxygen bonds relative to a total of carbon atoms contained in the lubricant.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a chemical conversion coated metal sheet including a metal substrate and a chemical conversion coating film laminated on at least one surface of the metal substrate, in which the chemical conversion coating film contains a water-soluble resin, and a lubricant having carbon-oxygen bonds; a thickness of the chemical conversion coating film is 0.2 to 1m; and the lubricant includes 1 atom % or more of carbon atoms configuring the carbon-oxygen bonds relative to a total of carbon atoms contained in the lubricant.

Aircraft landing gear strut (1) comprising a main part (1a) extending along a main axis (X-X) of the strut and comprising an axle shaft (1b) extending in a plane (P) perpendicular to the main shaft (1a) of the strut, this axle shaft (1b) being designed to support at least one landing gear when (2a, 2b) equipped with brakes (3a, 3b) for braking the wheel, said axle shaft (1b) being made of steel. The axle shaft (1b) bears at least one layer of zinc-nickel alloy coating (C), this zinc-nickel alloy comprising, as a mass percent of the alloy, between 12% and 18% or nickel, at most 0.5% of elements other than nickel and zinc, the rest being zinc.