A method for post-treatment of a chromium finish surface to improve corrosion resistance comprising a) providing a substrate having a chromium finish surface, and at least one intermediate layer between the chromium finish surface and the substrate, selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel alloys, copper and copper alloys, wherein the chromium finish surface is a surface of a trivalent chromium plated layer, obtained by electroplating the substrate, having the at least one intermediate layer, in a plating bath, the plating bath comprising chromium (III) ions; b) contacting the chromium finish surface with an aqueous solution, comprising a permanganate, at least one compound which is selected from a phosphorus-oxygen compound, a hydroxide, a nitrate, a borate, boric acid, a silicate, or a mixture of two or more of these compounds; c) forming a transparent corrosion protection layer onto the chromium finish surface during step b.

Methods and compositions for treating a substrate are provided. The composition contains a corrosion-inhibiting metal cation and a conjugated compound.

A grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet exhibits excellent magnetic characteristics and excellent coating film adhesion after strain relieving annealing. The grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet includes: a steel sheet; a coating film layer A that is a ceramic coating film which is formed on the steel sheet and has an oxide content of less than 30% by mass; and a coating film layer B that is an insulating tension coating film which is arranged on the coating film layer A and contains an oxide. The binding energy of the 1s orbital of oxygen in the coating film layer B is higher than 530 eV; and tension applied to the steel sheet by the coating film layer B per a thickness of 1.0 μm of the coating film layer B is 4.0 MPa/μm or more.

A grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet exhibits excellent magnetic characteristics and excellent coating film adhesion after strain relieving annealing. The grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet includes: a steel sheet; a coating film layer A that is a ceramic coating film which is formed on the steel sheet and has an oxide content of less than 30% by mass; and a coating film layer B that is an insulating tension coating film which is arranged on the coating film layer A and contains an oxide. The binding energy of the 1s orbital of oxygen in the coating film layer B is higher than 530 eV; and tension applied to the steel sheet by the coating film layer B per a thickness of 1.0 μm of the coating film layer B is 4.0 MPa/μm or more.

An anti-microbial metal coating may be applied to filter membranes for use in actively depressing microbial viability in filtration applications. The anti-microbial metal coating may be applied to substrates that are considered to be sensitive to damage by conventional metal coating techniques or resistant to metal bonding. The coating may be applied from a salt absorbed to the substrate in solution, converted to a reducible form with a conversion agent, and reduced to active metal format through a low temperature plasma treatment.

An anti-microbial metal coating may be applied to filter membranes for use in actively depressing microbial viability in filtration applications. The anti-microbial metal coating may be applied to substrates that are considered to be sensitive to damage by conventional metal coating techniques or resistant to metal bonding. The coating may be applied from a salt absorbed to the substrate in solution, converted to a reducible form with a conversion agent, and reduced to active metal format through a low temperature plasma treatment.

A medical product and a method of surface treatment and/or manufacture of a medical product. The medical product includes a metal or an alloy or consists of a metal or an alloy. The method includes the following steps: a) dulling a surface of the medical product, b) electropolishing the dulled surface of the medical product, c) electrochemically etching the dulled and electropolished surface of the medical product and d) electropolishing the dulled, electropolished and electrochemically etched surface of the medical product. The medical product has at least one of the following features: a pitting corrosion potential of 100 mV to 1200 mV, and/or a contact angle of 80° to 140°, and/or a passive layer having a thickness of 1 nm to 10 nm, which coats at least sections of the surface of the medical product.

Composite ceramic materials are disclosed in which an interconnected network of ceramic material on a substrate contains pores with an accessible pore volume that is at least partially filled with a polymer, resin, and/or wax.

Surface modifications and coating materials are provided that may be applied to a substrate to reduce or eliminate damage that would accrue to do environmental effects or operational stress when incorporated into a device such as a heat exchanger. Structured ceramic surface modification materials may be incorporated into the surface modification and may optionally include a gradient in one or more physical or chemical property.

Assemblies of stacked layers of materials are described. The assemblies include functional and structural layers. Functional layers include binderless ceramic materials on woven or non-woven substrates of natural, synthetic, or metallic materials. The layers of functional and structural materials may be configured to transport moisture or heat from an inner surface to an outer surface that is exposed to an ambient environment.