The present invention is directed towards an aqueous alkaline cleaner composition comprising: an iron cation, a molybdenum cation, a cobalt cation, or combinations thereof; and an alkaline component; wherein the pH of the aqueous alkaline composition is at least 10, and the aqueous alkaline composition includes no more than 50 ppm of phosphate. Also disclosed are treatment systems comprising an aqueous alkaline composition for treating at least a portion of a substrate, and a pretreatment composition for treating at least a portion of a substrate. Also disclosed are substrates treated according to the disclosed treatment systems.

A composite can include a substrate and a conversion coating overlying the substrate and comprising at least one of a zirconium oxide, a hafnium oxide, or a combination thereof. The conversion coating can be formed from a zirconia or hafnia-based complex obtained by reacting at least one of a zirconium ion source, a hafnium ion source, or a combination thereof, with a chelating compound in a reaction and another chelating compound in another reaction.

Coating a metallic surface with at least one of a pretreatment composition prior to organic coating, with a passivation composition without intent for subsequent organic coating, with a pretreatment primer composition, with a primer composition, with a paint composition and with an electrocoating composition, wherein the coating composition includes particles on a base of at least one layered double hydroxide (LDH) phase characterized by the general formula [M.sup.2+.sub.(10.5)x(M.sup.3+, M.sup.4+).sub.x(OH).sub.20.75]A.sup.n.sub.x/n.mH.sub.2O.

Coating a metallic surface with at least one of a pretreatment composition prior to organic coating, with a passivation composition without intent for subsequent organic coating, with a pretreatment primer composition, with a primer composition, with a paint composition and with an electrocoating composition, wherein the coating composition includes particles on a base of at least one layered double hydroxide (LDH) phase characterized by the general formula [M.sup.2+.sub.(10.5)x(M.sup.3+, M.sup.4+).sub.x(OH).sub.20.75]A.sup.n.sub.x/n.mH.sub.2O.

The present disclosure relates to a chemically treated zinc-based plated steel sheet that is superior in weather resistance, water resistance, blackening resistance and film adhesion. A chemical conversion film having a thickness 0.5-10 m is formed by coating and drying a chemical treatment solution on a surface of an aluminum-containing zinc-based alloy plated steel sheet. The chemical treatment solution contains a fluororesin containing 0.05-5% by weight of a hydrophilic functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group and a sulfonic acid group and 7-20% by weight of a fluorine atom, the fluororesin in which a number-average molecular weight is 1,000-2,000,000, and an oxoate, a fluoride, a hydroxide, an organic salt, a carbonate or a peroxygenated salt of a group 4A metal.

Weld balls disposed in solutions in full immersion tanks of a phosphate system are collected by magnets attached to at least some of the hangers that carry skids through stages of the phosphate system. The magnet attached to a hanger is immersed in the solutions when the hanger is immersed in the solutions and magnetically attracts the weld balls.

Weld balls disposed in solutions in full immersion tanks of a phosphate system are collected by magnets attached to at least some of the hangers that carry skids through stages of the phosphate system. The magnet attached to a hanger is immersed in the solutions when the hanger is immersed in the solutions and magnetically attracts the weld balls.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a surface treatment composition and methods for using same. The composition for removing contaminants from a metallic surface, can include 3 wt % to 40 wt % of at least one bifunctional alkaline compound, 0.03 wt % to 10 wt % of at least one oxidizer comprising a metal salt, and water, where all weight percentages are based on the total weight of the composition.

Aqueous compositions useful as pretreatments prior to painting and to reduce the formation of rust in the uncoated condition consist essentially of water, an organo-functional silane, a compound of a Group IV-B element, and optionally a polyvinyl alcohol, stabilizing agents, wetting agents, thickeners, and biocides, and have an alkaline pH>7. A process for treating a metal surface includes contacting the surface with such an aqueous composition. The compositions and processes were found to have further benefits in comparison to the zinc phosphate metal pretreatment thought to be the standard in the industry. Preferably, the pH of the compositions is alkaline, which has been found to improve the efficacy of a silane as a surface treatment to improve uniformity of paint adhesion. By operating in the alkaline pH range, it was found that flash rusting and/or blush rust were significantly reduced.

Aqueous compositions useful as pretreatments prior to painting and to reduce the formation of rust in the uncoated condition consist essentially of water, an organo-functional silane, a compound of a Group IV-B element, and optionally a polyvinyl alcohol, stabilizing agents, wetting agents, thickeners, and biocides, and have an alkaline pH>7. A process for treating a metal surface includes contacting the surface with such an aqueous composition. The compositions and processes were found to have further benefits in comparison to the zinc phosphate metal pretreatment thought to be the standard in the industry. Preferably, the pH of the compositions is alkaline, which has been found to improve the efficacy of a silane as a surface treatment to improve uniformity of paint adhesion. By operating in the alkaline pH range, it was found that flash rusting and/or blush rust were significantly reduced.