The coating film-forming composition is a solution of pH 4 to 10 and includes an aromatic compound having an amino group and an aromatic ring in one molecule, a polybasic acid having two or more carboxy groups, and an oxidizing agent. As the oxidizing agent, hypochlorous acid, chlorous acid, chloric acid, perchloric acid, persulfuric acid, percarbonic acid, hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, or the like is used. The aromatic compound preferably contains a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring, and more preferably contains a primary amino group or a secondary amino group. The coating film-forming composition is used for, for example, forming a coating film on surface of a metal member.

A method includes providing an electrically conductive mandrel having an outer surface layer comprising a preformed pattern. The metallic article is electroformed. The metallic article includes a plurality of electroformed elements formed in the preformed pattern on the outer surface layer of the mandrel. The plurality of electroformed elements have a first side adjacent to the outer surface layer of the mandrel and a second side. A solder is plated on the second side of the plurality of electroformed elements while on the mandrel. The metallic article is separated from the mandrel. The plurality of electroformed elements are interconnected such that the metallic article forms a unitary, free-standing piece. A solution is applied to create a blackening of the first side of the plurality of electroformed elements. The solder on the second side of the plurality of electroformed elements is not blackened.

The disclosure provides an electrical steel sheet with an insulating coating excellent in both punchability and powdering resistance, without any chromium compound being contained in the insulating coating. The electrical steel sheet with an insulating coating includes an electrical steel sheet and an insulating coating formed on the electrical steel sheet. The insulating coating contains Si and particulate organic resin. The organic resin contains primary particles having an average primary particle size of 1.0 m or less, and 5% or more and 50% or less of the primary particles of the organic resin are agglomerated particles.

The disclosure provides an electrical steel sheet with an insulating coating excellent in both punchability and powdering resistance, without any chromium compound being contained in the insulating coating. The electrical steel sheet with an insulating coating includes an electrical steel sheet and an insulating coating formed on the electrical steel sheet. The insulating coating contains Si and particulate organic resin. The organic resin contains primary particles having an average primary particle size of 1.0 m or less, and 5% or more and 50% or less of the primary particles of the organic resin are agglomerated particles.

A printed flexible PH sensor is provided. The printed flexible PH sensor includes a flexible substrate. A working electrode is disposed on the flexible substrate, and the working electrode includes a first silver layer formed on the flexible substrate by an ink-jet printing process, a second silver layer formed on the first silver layer by a silver mirror reaction, and a metal oxide layer disposed on the second silver layer of an end portion of the working electrode. A reference electrode is disposed on the flexible substrate, and the reference electrode includes the first silver layer and the second silver layer formed on the first silver layer, and a silver chloride layer totally covering the second silver layer. A method for fabricating the printed flexible PH sensor is also provided.

The invention relates to a steel substrate coated on at least one of its faces with a metallic coating based on zinc or its alloys wherein the metallic coating is itself coated with a conversion layer comprising: zincsulphate hydrate, aluminium in an amount up to 14 mg.Math.m.sup.?2, wherein the conversion layer comprises neither zinc hydroxysulphate, nor free water molecules nor any compounds having free hydroxyl groups, the surface density of sulphur in the conversion layer being greater than or equal to 5.0 mg/m.sup.2. The invention also relates to the corresponding treatment method.

Provided is a film forming method of a corrosion resistant film having a corrosion resistance under acidic atmosphere and a corrosion resistant member on which the corrosion resistant film is coated. The film forming method of the corrosion resistant film includes: bringing a substrate made of aluminum into contact with an aqueous solution containing sulfate ions and fluoride ions; and heating the substrate to boil the aqueous solution on a surface of the substrate and forming a corrosion resistant film containing at least oxygen, fluorine, and sulfur in the aluminum derived from the substrate on the surface of the substrate.

The present invention relates to a surface-treated metal sheet for polyolefin resin bonding having a metal substrate and an adhesive layer laminated on at least one surface of the metal substrate with a chemical conversion coating film interposed between the metal substrate and the adhesive layer. This surface-treated metal sheet for polyolefin resin bonding is characterized in that a coating liquid for forming the chemical conversion coating film contains an acid-modified polyolefin resin, a colloidal silica, and a silane coupling agent; a coating amount of the chemical conversion coating film is 0.05 to 3 g/m.sup.2 in terms of dry mass; the adhesive layer contains an acid-modified polyolefin resin; and the adhesive layer has a thickness of 5 to 100 m.

The present invention relates to a surface-treated metal sheet for polyolefin resin bonding having a metal substrate and an adhesive layer laminated on at least one surface of the metal substrate with a chemical conversion coating film interposed between the metal substrate and the adhesive layer. This surface-treated metal sheet for polyolefin resin bonding is characterized in that a coating liquid for forming the chemical conversion coating film contains an acid-modified polyolefin resin, a colloidal silica, and a silane coupling agent; a coating amount of the chemical conversion coating film is 0.05 to 3 g/m.sup.2 in terms of dry mass; the adhesive layer contains an acid-modified polyolefin resin; and the adhesive layer has a thickness of 5 to 100 m.

A chemical surface treatment method of a metal improves bonding of different materials in which first pores are formed in the surface of the metal and second pores are formed locally in the surfaces of the first pores by appropriately setting the number of repetitions of alkali treatment and acid treatment, the concentrations of treatment solutions, and treatment temperatures and times using the treatment solutions. The method includes performing the alkali treatment by immersing the metal in a base solution, so as to form first pores in a surface of the metal. The method further includes performing the acid treatment by immersing an alkali-treated result product in an acid solution, so as to form second pores locally in surfaces of the first pores.