Provided is a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. The method comprises: hot rolling a slab to obtain a hot rolled sheet; subjecting the hot rolled sheet to hot band annealing as necessary; subjecting the hot rolled sheet to cold rolling; subjecting the cold rolled sheet to decarburization annealing; applying an annealing separator having MgO as a main component onto a surface of the decarburization annealed sheet and subjecting the decarburization annealed sheet to final annealing to form the forsterite film; and applying an insulating coating treatment liquid onto the final annealed sheet and subjecting the final annealed sheet to flattening annealing to form a tension-applying insulating coating. A difference in total tensions between one and opposite surfaces of the sheet is less than 0.5 MPa. A difference in tensions between the forsterite films in one and opposite surfaces of the sheet is 0.5 MPa or more.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet. The method comprises: hot rolling a slab to obtain a hot rolled sheet; subjecting the hot rolled sheet to hot band annealing as necessary; subjecting the hot rolled sheet to cold rolling; subjecting the cold rolled sheet to decarburization annealing; applying an annealing separator having MgO as a main component onto a surface of the decarburization annealed sheet and subjecting the decarburization annealed sheet to final annealing to form the forsterite film; and applying an insulating coating treatment liquid onto the final annealed sheet and subjecting the final annealed sheet to flattening annealing to form a tension-applying insulating coating. A difference in total tensions between one and opposite surfaces of the sheet is less than 0.5 MPa. A difference in tensions between the forsterite films in one and opposite surfaces of the sheet is 0.5 MPa or more.

A grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet with chromium-free insulating tension coating includes a grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet and an insulating tension coating containing a phosphate salt and silica on a surface of the grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet, the coating further including a crystalline compound represented by the general formula (1): M.sup.II.sub.3M.sup.III.sub.4(X.sup.VO.sub.4).sub.6 . . . (1). A method for producing a grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet with chromium-free insulating tension coating includes applying an insulating tension coating liquid to a surface of a finish annealed grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet, the coating liquid including colloidal silica, a phosphate salt and a metal element M-containing compound in a specific ratio, and heat treating the steel sheet at least one time at a temperature of not less than 900° C. in an atmosphere including a non-oxidizing gas and having a dew point of not more than 0° C.

A grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet with chromium-free insulating tension coating includes a grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet and an insulating tension coating containing a phosphate salt and silica on a surface of the grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet, the coating further including a crystalline compound represented by the general formula (1): M.sup.II.sub.3M.sup.III.sub.4(X.sup.VO.sub.4).sub.6 . . . (1). A method for producing a grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet with chromium-free insulating tension coating includes applying an insulating tension coating liquid to a surface of a finish annealed grain-oriented magnetic steel sheet, the coating liquid including colloidal silica, a phosphate salt and a metal element M-containing compound in a specific ratio, and heat treating the steel sheet at least one time at a temperature of not less than 900° C. in an atmosphere including a non-oxidizing gas and having a dew point of not more than 0° C.

Methods are described for modification of a substrate with a surface modification material that includes a conversion layer deposited on the substrate surface and a deposited layer that is situated over the conversion layer. The methods include a conversion step and a deposition step that occur without intermediate processing steps in a process fluid that includes a metal and an organic substance.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a steel sheet and an insulation coating, in which the insulation coating contains a first metal phosphate, which is a metal phosphate of one or two more metals selected from Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn; a second metal phosphate, which is a metal phosphate of one or two more metals selected from Co, Mo, V, W, and Zr; and colloidal silica, the insulation coating does not contain chromate, and an elution amount of phosphoric acid of the insulation coating as determined by boiling the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in a boiled pure water for 10 minutes, then measuring an elution amount of phosphoric acid into the pure water, and dividing the amount of phosphoric acid by the area of the insulation coating of the boiled grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is 30 mg/m.sup.2 or less.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a steel sheet and an insulation coating, in which the insulation coating contains a first metal phosphate, which is a metal phosphate of one or two more metals selected from Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn; a second metal phosphate, which is a metal phosphate of one or two more metals selected from Co, Mo, V, W, and Zr; and colloidal silica, the insulation coating does not contain chromate, and an elution amount of phosphoric acid of the insulation coating as determined by boiling the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in a boiled pure water for 10 minutes, then measuring an elution amount of phosphoric acid into the pure water, and dividing the amount of phosphoric acid by the area of the insulation coating of the boiled grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is 30 mg/m.sup.2 or less.

A composition for a stainless coating according to the present disclosure includes a sodium silicate, a lithium silicate, a polysiloxane, ethanol, and a residual solvent. The composition may be uniformly and smoothly coated on a curved, stainless steel surface, cleaning may be easier, and yellowing may be reduced or prevented.

A system and method for coating a foil mesh with a non-chromate conversion coating is provided, wherein the method includes expanding a foil web into a nonwoven screen, processing the nonwoven screen to remove grease and other surface contaminants, flattening the nonwoven screen to a thickness of between about 0.002 inches and about 0.006 inches to create a flattened nonwoven screen, annealing the flattened nonwoven screen to create a foil mesh, associating the foil mesh with a system for coating a foil mesh, wherein the system includes a solution tank having a tank cavity containing a conversion coating solution, bathing the foil mesh within the conversion coating solution for approximately 30 seconds to create a coated foil mesh and curing the coating foil mesh for approximately 18 hours to create an expanded foil mesh.

A system and method for coating a foil mesh with a non-chromate conversion coating is provided, wherein the method includes expanding a foil web into a nonwoven screen, processing the nonwoven screen to remove grease and other surface contaminants, flattening the nonwoven screen to a thickness of between about 0.002 inches and about 0.006 inches to create a flattened nonwoven screen, annealing the flattened nonwoven screen to create a foil mesh, associating the foil mesh with a system for coating a foil mesh, wherein the system includes a solution tank having a tank cavity containing a conversion coating solution, bathing the foil mesh within the conversion coating solution for approximately 30 seconds to create a coated foil mesh and curing the coating foil mesh for approximately 18 hours to create an expanded foil mesh.