This grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes: a base steel sheet; and an insulating coating formed on a surface of the base steel sheet, in which the base steel sheet includes an iron-based oxide layer containing an iron-based oxide on an insulating coating side, the insulating coating includes an intermediate layer formed on a base steel sheet side and containing a crystalline metal phosphate, and a tension coating layer formed on a surface side of the insulating coating, an average thickness of the iron-based oxide layer is 0.10 to 1.50 ?m, an average thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.3 to 10.0 ?m, an average thickness of the insulating coating is 2.0 to 10.0 ?m, the crystalline metal phosphate of the intermediate layer is one or two or more of zinc phosphate, manganese phosphate, iron phosphate, and zinc calcium phosphate, the tension coating layer contains a metal phosphate and silica, and an amount of the silica in the tension coating layer is 20 to 60 mass %.

An anticorrosion treatment method for a copper-containing material comprises: carrying out a sealed and pressurized reaction on a copper-containing material and a stabilizer in presence of a polar solvent and any assistant, the stabilizer being a compound capable of providing formates, so that the formates are adsorbed on the surface of the copper-containing material. In the method, formates are modified on the surface of the copper-containing material, accordingly, the oxidation resistance capability and the stability of the copper-containing material can be significantly improved while the electrical conductivity of the copper-containing material is not reduced, and the corrosion resistance of the copper-containing material and especially, the salt and alkali corrosion resistance of the copper-containing material are significantly improved.

An insulating coating treatment liquid for forming a chromium-free insulating coating on a surface of a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, the insulating coating treatment liquid including at least one phosphate salt selected from phosphate salts of any of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al, and Mn and including colloidal silica and particles of a metal-element-containing compound. A content of the colloidal silica in terms of SiO.sub.2, on a solids basis, is 50 to 120 parts by mass, and a content of the particles of a metal-element-containing compound in terms of elemental metal is 5 to 60 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the at least one phosphate salt, and the insulating coating treatment liquid has a thixotropic index (TI) of 1.00 or greater and 10.00 or less.

Porous, binderless ceramic surface modification materials are described, and applications of use thereof. The ceramic surface material is in the form of an interconnected network of porous ceramic material on a substrate. The ceramic material may include a metal oxide, a metal hydroxide, and/or hydrates thereof, or a metal carbonate or metal phosphate, on a substrate surface. The substrate may be in the form of a metal or polymer particulate, powder, extrudate, or flakes.

Provided are coated metal, the metal having improved properties due to a novel coating, a coating-forming treatment solution for forming the novel coating, and a method for producing the coated metal that has the novel coating.

The coated metal includes metal and a coating formed on the metal. The coating includes Si, P, and O, and at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zn, Al, and Mn. The coating includes a compound having a NASICON-type crystal structure represented by the general formula M.sup.IM.sup.IV.sub.2(M.sup.VO.sub.4).sub.3.

A hearth roll for heat treatment furnaces has excellent build-up resistance, has a hexavalent-chromium-free thermal spray coating film formed on the roll surface thereof and is safe for the environment. A method for manufacturing a hearth roll for continuous annealing furnaces includes a first step of applying an aqueous solution containing chromium phosphate onto a thermal spray coating film formed on the roll surface of a hearth roll or impregnating the thermal spray coating film with the aqueous solution; and a second step of burning the hearth roll.

A hearth roll for heat treatment furnaces has excellent build-up resistance, has a hexavalent-chromium-free thermal spray coating film formed on the roll surface thereof and is safe for the environment. A method for manufacturing a hearth roll for continuous annealing furnaces includes a first step of applying an aqueous solution containing chromium phosphate onto a thermal spray coating film formed on the roll surface of a hearth roll or impregnating the thermal spray coating film with the aqueous solution; and a second step of burning the hearth roll.

A grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a steel sheet and an insulation coating, in which the insulation coating contains a first metal phosphate, which is a metal phosphate of one or two more metals selected from Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, and Zn; a second metal phosphate, which is a metal phosphate of one or two more metals selected from Co, Mo, V, W, and Zr; and colloidal silica, the insulation coating does not contain chromate, and an elution amount of phosphoric acid of the insulation coating as determined by boiling the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet in a boiled pure water for 10 minutes, then measuring an elution amount of phosphoric acid into the pure water, and dividing the amount of phosphoric acid by the area of the insulation coating of the boiled grain-oriented electrical steel sheet is 30 mg/m.sup.2 or less.

Assemblies of stacked layers of materials are described. The assemblies include functional and structural layers. Functional layers include binderless ceramic materials on woven or non-woven substrates of natural, synthetic, or metallic materials. The layers of functional and structural materials may be configured to transport moisture or heat from an inner surface to an outer surface that is exposed to an ambient environment.

This grain-oriented electrical steel sheet includes: a base steel sheet; and an insulating coating formed on a surface of the base steel sheet, in which the insulating coating includes an intermediate layer formed on a base steel sheet side and containing a crystalline metal phosphate, and a tension coating layer formed on a surface side of the insulating coating, the surface of the base steel sheet has an etch pit structure, an average thickness of the intermediate layer is 0.2 to 10.0 ?m, an average thickness of the insulating coating is 2.0 to 10.0 ?m, the tension coating layer contains a metal phosphate and silica, and an amount of the silica in the tension coating layer is 20 to 60 mass %.