The present invention relates to a method for serial surface treatment of metallic components comprising aluminum surfaces, wherein an alkaline pretreatment is followed by a conversion treatment. According to the invention, the intention during the alkaline pretreatment is that a maximum value for the concentration of dissolved zinc is not exceeded, in order to ensure a sufficient quality of the corrosion-protective coating on the aluminum surface of the components following the surface treatment. In a preferred embodiment, the content of dissolved zinc is effectively held below the respective bath-typical maximum value of dissolved zinc by the addition of compounds constituting a source of sulfide ions. The functionality of the surface treatment can be additionally increased by likewise controlling the content of dissolved aluminum in the alkaline pretreatment such that, by adding compounds constituting a source for silicate anions, a threshold value for dissolved aluminum is not exceeded.

The present invention relates to a method for serial surface treatment of metallic components comprising aluminum surfaces, wherein an alkaline pretreatment is followed by a conversion treatment. According to the invention, the intention during the alkaline pretreatment is that a maximum value for the concentration of dissolved zinc is not exceeded, in order to ensure a sufficient quality of the corrosion-protective coating on the aluminum surface of the components following the surface treatment. In a preferred embodiment, the content of dissolved zinc is effectively held below the respective bath-typical maximum value of dissolved zinc by the addition of compounds constituting a source of sulfide ions. The functionality of the surface treatment can be additionally increased by likewise controlling the content of dissolved aluminum in the alkaline pretreatment such that, by adding compounds constituting a source for silicate anions, a threshold value for dissolved aluminum is not exceeded.

The present invention relates to an abutment of a dental implant system for connecting a dental implant and a suprastructure, said abutment comprising an abutment basic body extending from an apical end to a coronal end arranged opposite to the apical end. The abutment basic body comprises a dental implant connecting portion facing the apical end and adapted to fit with a corresponding abutment connecting portion of the dental implant and/or an intermediate part to be directly or indirectly connected with the dental implant. It further comprises a support portion facing the coronal end and designed such to allow the suprastructure to be mounted directly or indirectly. According to the invention, the abutment further comprises nanostructures formed on at least a portion of the outer surface of the abutment basic body, said nanostructures extending in at least two dimensions to 200 nm at most.

The present invention relates to an abutment of a dental implant system for connecting a dental implant and a suprastructure, said abutment comprising an abutment basic body extending from an apical end to a coronal end arranged opposite to the apical end. The abutment basic body comprises a dental implant connecting portion facing the apical end and adapted to fit with a corresponding abutment connecting portion of the dental implant and/or an intermediate part to be directly or indirectly connected with the dental implant. It further comprises a support portion facing the coronal end and designed such to allow the suprastructure to be mounted directly or indirectly. According to the invention, the abutment further comprises nanostructures formed on at least a portion of the outer surface of the abutment basic body, said nanostructures extending in at least two dimensions to 200 nm at most.

In order to create a method for passivating a surface of a workpiece, said method enabling a complete and sufficient passivation of the surface of the workpiece in narrow cavities of the workpiece, even in the case of workpieces with complex geometry, it is proposed that the method comprises the following: introducing at least one workpiece into a treatment chamber; providing a passivating agent in the treatment chamber; cyclically changing the pressure in the treatment chamber while the passivating agent is located in the treatment chamber.

In order to create a method for passivating a surface of a workpiece, said method enabling a complete and sufficient passivation of the surface of the workpiece in narrow cavities of the workpiece, even in the case of workpieces with complex geometry, it is proposed that the method comprises the following: introducing at least one workpiece into a treatment chamber; providing a passivating agent in the treatment chamber; cyclically changing the pressure in the treatment chamber while the passivating agent is located in the treatment chamber.

A process for continuous manufacturing of steel strips for packaging coated with a passivation layer is provided. The layer is an aqueous passivation solution, the thickness of which is less than 3 m and the viscosity of which is less than 1.5.Math.10.sup.3 Pa.Math.s at 20 C., and is deposited on one of the faces of the strip. This depositing is carried out by a transfer roller in contact with the strip and with a second coating roller, the surface of which has a plurality of hexagonally shaped cells, the line count of which is between 50 and 200 lines per centimeter, and the total volume of which is between 5.Math.10.sup.6 and 10.Math.10.sup.6 m.sup.3 per square meter of roller surface. The coating roller is fed with aqueous passivation solution by dipping in a tank equipped with wiping means and the strip runs at a speed greater than or equal to 400 m/m. An apparatus for implementation of the process is also provided.

The preset invention has as its object the provision of a laminate free of hexavalent chromium and excellent in corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and a manufacturing process of the laminate. To solve the above-described problems, a laminate according to the present invention includes a substrate, and a laminated film portion with metal films laminated in two or more layers. The laminate has an interface layer between each two adjacent ones of the metal films. The laminated film portion contains a first metal element as a principal component, the first metal element being at least one element of Ni, Cr, Co, and W, and a second metal element that is a metal element of smaller cohesive energy than that of the first metal element. The second metal element contained in the interface layer is at a content ratio higher than that of the second metal element contained in each of the adjacent metal films.

The preset invention has as its object the provision of a laminate free of hexavalent chromium and excellent in corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and a manufacturing process of the laminate. To solve the above-described problems, a laminate according to the present invention includes a substrate, and a laminated film portion with metal films laminated in two or more layers. The laminate has an interface layer between each two adjacent ones of the metal films. The laminated film portion contains a first metal element as a principal component, the first metal element being at least one element of Ni, Cr, Co, and W, and a second metal element that is a metal element of smaller cohesive energy than that of the first metal element. The second metal element contained in the interface layer is at a content ratio higher than that of the second metal element contained in each of the adjacent metal films.

A method for forming a coating, which includes: a first step of applying a first solution containing a polysilazane to a surface of a metal substrate, heating the first solution to make the first solution undergo conversion into silica and form a first coating having open defects, on the surface of the metal substrate, and a second step of applying a second solution containing a polysilazane to a surface of the first coating 1 to fill the open defects, and heating the second solution at a temperature lower than a heating temperature in the first step to make the second solution undergo conversion into silica and form a second coating on a surface of the first coating.