A hot stamped steel includes a base material that is formed of steel, a plated layer that is formed on a surface of the base material, and a phosphate coating that is formed on a surface of the plated layer; chemical composition of the plated layer contains 20.00 to 45.00 mass % of Al, 10.00 to 45.00 mass % of Fe, 4.50 to 15.00 mass % of Mg, 0.10 to 3.00 mass % of Si, 0.05 to 3.00 mass % of Ca, 0 to 0.50 mass % of Sb, 0 to 0.50 mass % of Pb, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Cu, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Sn, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Ti, 0 to 0.50 mass % of Sr, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Cr, 0 to 1.00 mass % of Ni, and 0 to 1.00 mass % of Mn with a remainder of Zn and impurities; the phosphate coating consists of zinc phosphate crystals containing 5.0 to 50.0 mass % of Mg and 0.5 to 5.0 mass % of Ca; and the adhesion amount of the phosphate coating per one surface is in a range of 0.1 to 10.0 g/m.sup.2.

A processing system and platform for improving both the microscopic and macroscopic uniformity of materials during etching is disclosed herein. These improvements may be accomplished through the formation and dissolution of thin, self-limiting layers on the material surface by the use of wet atomic layer etching (ALE) techniques. For etching of polycrystalline materials, these self-limiting reactions can be used to prevent this roughening of the surface during etching. Thus, as disclosed herein, a wet ALE process uses sequential, self-limiting reactions to first modify the surface layer of a material and then selectively remove the modified layer.

A processing system and platform for improving both the microscopic and macroscopic uniformity of materials during etching is disclosed herein. These improvements may be accomplished through the formation and dissolution of thin, self-limiting layers on the material surface by the use of wet atomic layer etching (ALE) techniques. For etching of polycrystalline materials, these self-limiting reactions can be used to prevent this roughening of the surface during etching. Thus, as disclosed herein, a wet ALE process uses sequential, self-limiting reactions to first modify the surface layer of a material and then selectively remove the modified layer.

A composition for application to a substrate comprising a carrier, a permanganate ion source, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising a rare earth ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, and/or a transition metal ion is disclosed. A substrate or article including the composition for application to a substrate, and a method of treating a substrate comprising applying the composition to a substrate to form a permanganate treated surface of the substrate, and applying a lithium containing composition on the permanganate treated surface are also disclosed.

A composition for application to a substrate comprising a carrier, a permanganate ion source, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising a rare earth ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, and/or a transition metal ion is disclosed. A substrate or article including the composition for application to a substrate, and a method of treating a substrate comprising applying the composition to a substrate to form a permanganate treated surface of the substrate, and applying a lithium containing composition on the permanganate treated surface are also disclosed.

An aqueous, acidic, anti-corrosion conversion coating composition (in particular, an aqueous, acidic Group IV metal-containing anti-corrosion conversion coating composition) for metal substrates comprising as an additive a catechol compound and/or the reaction products of at least one catechol compound and at least one co-reactant compound having one or more functional groups reactive with the at least one catechol compound, desirably the reaction product of a catechol and an polyamine (e.g., a polyethyleneimine), that enhances the anti-corrosion effects of the conversion coating composition; methods of making and applying the conversion coating compositions and coated metal substrates. The catechol-containing conversion coating composition can be applied to metal substrate surfaces at temperatures as low as below 40° C. and with exposure times of 5 minutes or less. The catechol compound or reaction product thereof can become incorporated into the conversion coating formed on the metal substrate.

A method of controlling oxygen vacancy concentration in a semiconducting metal oxide includes exposing a treated surface of a crystalline metal oxide to water at a temperature and pressure sufficient to maintain the water in a liquid phase. During the exposure, a portion of the water is adsorbed onto the treated surface and dissociates into atomic oxygen and hydrogen. The atomic oxygen is injected into and diffuses through the crystalline metal oxide, forming isolated oxygen interstitials and oxygen defect complexes. The isolated oxygen interstitials replace oxygen vacancies in the crystalline metal oxide.

A method of treating the surface of a metal base which is conducted prior to cationic electrodeposition coating and is used for improving throwing power in the cationic electrodeposition coating; a metallic material treated by the surface treatment method; and a method of coating this metallic material.

A method of treating the surface of a metal base which is conducted prior to cationic electrodeposition coating and is used for improving throwing power in the cationic electrodeposition coating; a metallic material treated by the surface treatment method; and a method of coating this metallic material.

A film forming treatment agent for a composite chemical conversion film for magnesium alloy, and a film forming process method, and a composite chemical conversion film are provided. Components of the film forming treatment agent for a composite chemical conversion film for magnesium alloy comprise a water solution and a suspension of reduced graphene oxide flakes to the water solution. The water solution comprises strontium ions at 0.1 mol/L to 2.5 mol/L and phosphate ions at 0.06 mol/L to 1.5 mol/L, and pH of the water solution is 1.5 to 4.5. Concentration of the reduced graphene oxide varies between 0.1 mg/L and 5 mg/L. The film forming process method for a composite chemical conversion film for magnesium alloy comprises the following steps of: 1) pretreatment on surface of magnesium alloy matrix; 2) immersion of magnesium alloy matrix in the film forming treatment agent; and 3) removal of magnesium alloy pieces for drying in air. The composite chemical conversion film for magnesium alloy is formed by immersing magnesium alloy matrix in the film forming treatment agent. The composite chemical conversion film for magnesium alloy has excellent corrosion-resistance performance in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution.