Provided are an alloy member which is usable in organisms, makes use of features of bio-affinity and biodegradability of magnesium, and is able to realize required duration of biodegradability, and a production method therefor. According to the present invention, the alloy member usable in organisms includes a base body that contains a magnesium alloy, a first protective layer that contains an oxide derived from a component of the base body or a complex of an oxide and a hydroxide derived from a component of the base body, and a second protective layer that contains a hydroxide derived from a component of the base body.

An optical component may be optically blackened so that the surface of the component is not reflective when light impinges upon the surface. In some examples, a method of blackening involves exposing a surface of the optical component that defines an optical pathway to an optical blackening composition for a period of time effective to optically blacken the surface. The optical blackening composition may be configured so that the resulting optically blackened optical pathway is non-fluorescing when exposed to ultraviolet light. In some examples, the optical blackening composition comprises selenous acid and is devoid of organic molecules.

An optical component may be optically blackened so that the surface of the component is not reflective when light impinges upon the surface. In some examples, a method of blackening involves exposing a surface of the optical component that defines an optical pathway to an optical blackening composition for a period of time effective to optically blacken the surface. The optical blackening composition may be configured so that the resulting optically blackened optical pathway is non-fluorescing when exposed to ultraviolet light. In some examples, the optical blackening composition comprises selenous acid and is devoid of organic molecules.

A composition for application to a substrate comprising a carrier, a permanganate ion source, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising a rare earth ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, and/or a transition metal ion is disclosed. A substrate or article including the composition for application to a substrate, and a method of treating a substrate comprising applying the composition to a substrate to form a permanganate treated surface of the substrate, and applying a lithium containing composition on the permanganate treated surface are also disclosed.

A composition for application to a substrate comprising a carrier, a permanganate ion source, and a corrosion inhibitor comprising a rare earth ion, an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, and/or a transition metal ion is disclosed. A substrate or article including the composition for application to a substrate, and a method of treating a substrate comprising applying the composition to a substrate to form a permanganate treated surface of the substrate, and applying a lithium containing composition on the permanganate treated surface are also disclosed.

Provided are: an oriented electrical steel sheet having a high tension applied to a steel sheet and excellent adhesion to a film; and a method for producing the same. This oriented electrical steel sheet includes: a steel sheet; a film A containing a crystalline material disposed on the steel sheet; and a film B containing a vitreous material disposed on the film A, wherein an element profile, which is obtained by using a high-frequency glow discharge light-emission surface analysis method, in the direction from the film B to the steel sheet satisfies formulae (1) and (2). 0.35(t.sub.A/t.sub.Fe/2)0.75 . . . (1), 0.25(t.sub.A/2/t.sub.Fe/2)1.00 . . . (2), where t.sub.A represents the peak time of an alkali metal element profile, t.sub.A/2 represents the half time of an alkali metal.

The invention relates to a method for producing a silane-modified silicate. In order to obtain optimal corrosion protection properties, a silane compound according to the invention is at least partially hydrolyzed and/or condensed in the presence of a silicate compound at a pH value greater than or equal to 8 and then a pH value less than or equal to 7 is set by adding acid. The invention further relates to an aqueous acidic passivation composition for metal substrate coated with the passivation composition.

The invention relates to a method for producing a silane-modified silicate. In order to obtain optimal corrosion protection properties, a silane compound according to the invention is at least partially hydrolyzed and/or condensed in the presence of a silicate compound at a pH value greater than or equal to 8 and then a pH value less than or equal to 7 is set by adding acid. The invention further relates to an aqueous acidic passivation composition for metal substrate coated with the passivation composition.

Provided herein is a method for pretreating aluminum materials, particularly aluminum wheels, wherein an aluminum material is successively i) cleaned and subsequently rinsed, ii) optionally subjected to alkaline pickling and subsequently rinsed, iii) optionally contacted with an aqueous composition comprising at least one mineral acid, iv) optionally rinsed and v) contacted with an acidic aqueous composition comprising a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium compounds and b) at least one linear terpolymer prepared by controlled radical polymerisation and comprising vinylphosphonic acid monomeric units, hydroxylethyl- and/or hydroxylpropyl-(meth)acrylate monomeric units and (meth)acrylic acid monomeric units, vi) optionally rinsed, vii) optionally contacted with another aqueous composition, viii) optionally rinsed and ix) optionally dried. Further provided herein is a corresponding composition as well as the use of the materials treated according to the method.

A steel substrate is provided, coated on at least one of its faces with a metallic coating based on zinc or its alloys wherein the metallic coating is itself coated with a zincsulphate-based layer including at least one of the compounds selected from among zincsulphate monohydrate, zincsulphate tetrahydrate and zincsulphate heptahydrate, wherein the zincsulphate-based layer has neither zinc hydroxysulphate nor free water molecules nor free hydroxyl groups, the surface density of sulphur in the zincsulphate-based layer being greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/m.sup.2. A corresponding treatment method is also provided.