An integrated composite structure with a graded coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is formed by selecting a plurality of layers of materials with a graded CTE and using build-up (bottom-up) fabrication approaches such as metal deposition or powder metallurgy to produce a CTE-graded layered composite preform, which is then consolidated and heat treated to create the CTE graded integrated composite billet or near net shape. The integrated composite billet or near net shape is then processed to produce a first surface for attachment of a first structural member having a first CTE and to produce a second surface of for attachment of a second structural member having a second CTE.

The described embodiments relate generally to aluminum films and pretreatments for improving the adhesion of aluminum films on substrate surfaces. Methods involve providing three-dimensional adhesion surfaces on the substrate that promote adhesion to a subsequently deposited aluminum film. The methods can avoid the use of strike materials, such as nickel and copper, used in conventional adhesion-promoting treatments. According to some embodiments, methods involve providing an aluminum oxide adhesion layer on the substrate prior to depositing aluminum. According to some embodiments, methods involve providing a zincating layer on the substrate prior to depositing aluminum. According some embodiments, methods involve roughening the surface of the substrate prior to depositing aluminum. Some embodiments involve a combination of two or more substrate pretreatments. Described methods can be used to provide more flexibility in subsequent anodizing processes. In some embodiments, methods involve anodizing the aluminum film and a portion of the substrate.

A plumbing fixture having a multi-color appearance includes a first portion including a first finish having a first appearance and a second portion including a second portion having a second appearance that differs from the first appearance. The plumbing fixture further includes a transition region between the first portion and the second portion, wherein the appearance of the third region is graduated from the first appearance to the second appearance between a first end of the transition region adjacent the first portion and a second end of the transition region adjacent the second portion. The plumbing fixture has an ombr? appearance as a result of the graduated transition between the first portion and the second portion.

The present disclosure relates to a flat steel product having a tensile strength R.sub.m of at least 800 MPa and coated with a metal covering, wherein the metal covering consists of a system having the elements zinc and manganese and having been deposited from the gas phase. Furthermore, the present disclosure also relates to a method for its production.

Provided is a ZnAlMg alloy coated checkered steel sheet having on the sheet surface thereof convex part and flat part, wherein: the coating layer has a predetermined chemical composition, and when observing a cross section of cutting edge orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the convex part and taken along a sheet thickness direction at a central part in the longitudinal direction of the convex part, a layer thickness ratio of the coating layer of the flat part on left and right of the convex part (layer thickness of left coating layer/layer thickness of right coating layer) is from 0.2 to 5.0, and a convex height T?t, where T is a sheet thickness of the substrate checkered steel sheet at the convex part and t is a sheet thickness of the substrate checkered steel sheet at the flat part, and a gap height x between a stationary surface and a sheet surface of the coated checkered steel sheet opposite to the stationary surface in a case in which the coated checkered steel sheet is placed in a stationary position satisfy the following Formulas 1 and 2 below.

x/(T?t)?1.5Formula 1:

0.5<T?t?tFormula 2:

Provided is a porous metal body having superior corrosion resistance to conventional metal porous bodies composed of nickel-tin binary alloys and conventional metal porous bodies composed of nickel-chromium binary alloys. The porous metal body has a three-dimensional network skeleton and contains at least nickel, tin, and chromium. The concentration of chromium contained in the porous metal body is highest at the surface of the skeleton of the porous metal body and decreases toward the inner side of the skeleton. In one embodiment, the chromium concentration at the surface of the skeleton of the porous metal body is more preferably 3% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less.

According to the invention, the electrode wire (1) for electric discharge machining comprises a metal core (2), in one or more layers of metal or metal alloy. On the metal core (2), a coating (3) having an alloy different from that of the metal core (2) contains more than 50 wt % zinc. The coating (3) comprises copper-zinc alloy (3a) of fractured ? phase, and covers the majority of the metal core (2). The coating (3) contains covered pores (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5) larger than 2 ?m.

A method for manufacturing a sheet metal component including: annealing a flat steel product comprising 0.05-0.5% C, 0.5-3% Mn, 0.06-1.7% Si, ?0.06% P, ?0.01% S, ?1.0% Al, ?0.15% Ti, ?0.6% Nb, ?0.01% B, ?1.0% Cr, ?1.0% Mo, ?1.0% Cr+Mo, ?0.2% Ca, ?0.1% V, remainder iron and impurities in a continuous furnace under an atmosphere consisting of 0.1-15% hydrogen and remainder nitrogen with a specific dew point and temperature profile; applying a coating consisting of <15% Si, ?5% Fe, in total 0.1-5% of at least one alkaline earth or transition metal and a remainder Al and unavoidable impurities; heating the flat steel product to >Ac3 and ?1000? C. for a time sufficient to introduce a heat energy quantity >100,000-800,000 kJs; hot-forming the flat steel product to form the component; and cooling at least one section of the component at a cooling rate sufficient to generate hardening structures.

A laminate including a metallic base material, a nickel-containing plating film layer formed on the metallic base material, and a gold plating film layer formed on the nickel-containing plating film layer, in which pinholes in the gold plating film layer are sealed with a passive film having a thickness of 15 nm or greater. Also disclosed is a constituent member of a semiconductor production device including the laminate and a method for producing the laminate.

A coating system for a surface of a superalloy component is provided. The coating system includes a MCrAlY coating on the surface of the superalloy component, where M is Ni, Fe, Co, or a combination thereof. The MCrAlY coating generally has a higher chromium content than the superalloy component. The MCrAlY coating also includes a platinum-group metal aluminide diffusion layer. The MCrAlY coating includes Re, Ta, or a mixture thereof. Methods are also provided for forming a coating system on a surface of a superalloy component.