A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet including: a hot-dip galvanizing layer on at least one side of a base steel sheet. The hot-dip galvanizing layer has a Fe content of more than 0% to 3.0% and an Al content of more than 0% to 1.0%. The hot-dip galvanized steel sheet includes a Fe—Al alloy layer provided on an interface between the hot-dip galvanizing layer and the base steel sheet and a fine-grain layer provided in the base steel sheet and directly in contact with the Fe—Al alloy layer. The Fe—Al alloy layer has a thickness of 0.1-2.0 μm. The fine-grain layer has an average thickness of 0.1-5.0 μm, includes a ferrite phase with an average grain diameter of 0.1-3.0 μm, and contains oxides of one or more out of Si and Mn, a maximum diameter of the oxides being 0.01-0.4 μm.

A hybrid torque bar for a brake assembly may comprise a base portion, a pin extending from a first end of the base portion, and a rail extending between the first end of the base portion and a second end of the base portion opposite the first end. The base portion may be formed using a first manufacturing process. At least one of the pin or the rail may be formed using a second manufacturing process. The second manufacturing process may comprise an additive manufacturing technique.

Disclosed are a high-strength corrosion-resistant cladding chequered steel and a manufacturing method therefor. The high-strength corrosion-resistant cladding chequered steel includes a substrate and a chequered cladding layer cladded on the substrate by single-sided or double-sided rolling. The mass percentages of the chemical elements of the substrate are: C: 0.01% to 0.20%, Si: 0.10% to 0.5%, Mn: 0.5% to 2.0%, Al: 0.02% to 0.04%, Ti: 0.005% to 0.018%, Nb: 0.005% to 0.020%, 0<B≤0.0003%, N≤0.006%, and the balance being steel and other inevitable impurities. The high-strength corrosion-resistant cladding steel plate has a high strength, a high corrosion resistance, a yield strength ≥470 MPa, a tensile strength ≥610 MPa, a shear strength ≥410 MPa, and an elongation ≥40%.

A method of applying a multi-color finish to a plumbing fixture includes depositing a first coating on the plumbing fixture; selectively applying a masking material in a graduated fashion over at least a portion of the first coating to define a gradient from a first portion of the plumbing fixture that is substantially completely covered by the masking material to a second portion of the plumbing fixture that has substantially no masking material; depositing a second coating over the masking material; and removing the masking material from the plumbing fixture such that the plumbing fixture has a surface finish including a transition region representing a gradual transition between the first coating and the second coating.

A hybrid torque bar for a brake assembly may comprise a base portion, a pin extending from a first end of the base portion, and a rail extending between the first end of the base portion and a second end of the base portion opposite the first end. The base portion may be formed using a first manufacturing process. At least one of the pin or the rail may formed using a second manufacturing process. The second manufacturing process may comprise an additive manufacturing technique.

This steel sheet includes a first coated portion in which an intermetallic compound layer and an aluminum coating layer are provided on a surface of a base steel sheet in order from the base steel sheet side, a first exposed portion in which the base steel sheet is exposed, and a second coated portion in which the intermetallic compound layer and the aluminum coating layer are provided on the surface of the base steel sheet in order from the base steel sheet side, in which in a first direction which is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the steel sheet and is directed from the first coated portion to one end edge of the steel sheet, the first coated portion, the first exposed portion, the second coated portion, and the end edge of the steel sheet are disposed in this order on one surface of the base steel sheet, at least the first coated portion, the first exposed portion, and the end edge of the steel sheet are disposed in this order on the other surface of the base steel sheet in the first direction, and when viewing a cross section parallel to each of the first direction and the thickness direction of the steel sheet, the second coated portion is provided in a lower region which is located on the surface of the base steel sheet and on an inner side of the base steel sheet in the thickness direction of the steel sheet from a virtual line extending in the first direction from a boundary between the first exposed portion and the second coated portion.

A method of providing a protective titanium layer to an outer surface of an aluminum component includes providing an aluminum component and forming a first layer of titanium-based bulk metallic glass on the component, wherein formation of the bulk metallic glass layer comprises depositing a titanium alloy powder using pulsed directed energy deposition.

A method of providing a protective titanium layer to an outer surface of an aluminum component includes providing an aluminum component and forming a first layer of titanium-based bulk metallic glass on the component, wherein formation of the bulk metallic glass layer comprises depositing a titanium alloy powder using pulsed directed energy deposition.

A method of forming an inverse opal structure along a substrate that includes depositing polymer spheres along the substrate and electroplating the substrate and spheres at a first current density to form a first solid metal layer such that the spheres are raised from the substrate. The method includes electroplating the substrate and the spheres at a second current density to diffuse metals from the substrate and deposit the metal about the spheres. The second current density is greater than the first current density. The method includes electroplating the substrate and spheres to form a second solid metal layer disposed over the spheres, and removing the spheres to form the inverse opal structure disposed between the first and second solid metal layers. The first and second solid metal layers define planar interface surfaces disposed over a porous structure of the inverse opal structure.

In some aspects, this disclosure relates to improved Z-grade materials, such as those used for shielding, systems incorporating such materials, and processes for making such Z-grade materials. In some examples, the Z-grade material includes a diffusion zone including mixed metallic alloy material with both a high atomic number material and a lower atomic number material. In certain examples, a process for making Z-grade material includes combining a high atomic number material and a low atomic number material, and bonding the high atomic number material and the low atomic number together using diffusion bonding. The processes may include vacuum pressing material at an elevated temperature, such as a temperature near a softening or melting point of the low atomic number material. In another aspect, systems such as a vault or an electronic enclosure are disclosed, where one or more surfaces of Z-grade material make up part or all of the vault/enclosure.