A surface-coated cutting tool includes a lower layer including a Ti compound layer, an intermediate layer including an α-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer, and an upper layer including a Zr-containing α-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 layer. The outermost layer of the lower layer contains 0.5 to 3 at % of oxygen. The frequencies of inclination angles between a normal line to a (0001) plane of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 grains of the intermediate layer and a normal line to a surface of a tool body have a highest peak in an inclination angle division of 0 to 10°. The ratio of the frequencies is 50 to 70%. The frequencies between the normal line to the (0001) plane of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 grains of the entirety of the intermediate and the upper layers and the normal line to the tool body surface have a highest peak in an inclination angle division of 0 to 10°. The ratio of the frequencies is 75% or more.

The present disclosure is directed to modified metal materials for implantation and/or bone replacement, and to methods for modifying surface properties of metal substrates for enhancing cellular adhesion (tissue integration) and providing antimicrobial properties. Some embodiments comprise surface coatings for metal implants, such as titanium-based materials, using (1) electrochemical processing and/or oxidation methods, and/or (2) laser processing, in order to enhance bone cell-materials interactions and achieve improved antimicrobial properties. One embodiment comprises the modification of a metal surface by growth of in situ nanotubes via anodization, followed by electrodeposition of silver on the nanotubes. Other embodiments include the use of LENS™ processing to coat a metal surface with calcium-based bioceramic composition layers. These surface treatment methods can be applied as a post-processing operation to metallic implants such as hip, knee and spinal devices as well as screws, pins and plates.

A surface coated member having improved stability and a longer service life is provided. The surface coated member of the present invention includes a base member and a hard coating formed on a surface thereof. The hard coating is constituted of one or more layers. At least one of the layers is formed by a CVD method and includes a multilayer structure having a first unit layer and a second unit layer being layered alternately. The first unit layer includes a first compound containing Ti and one or more kind of element selected from the group consisting of B, C, N, and O. The second unit layer includes a second compound containing Al and one or more kind of element selected from the group consisting of B, C, N, and O.

A coated cutting tool includes a substrate of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, steel or cubic boron nitride, a multi-layered wear resistant coating and at least two refractory coating layers deposited. The at least two refractory coating layers include a first coating layer and a second coating layer deposited on top of each other. The first coating layer is titanium aluminium nitride or carbonitride Ti.sub.1-uAl.sub.uC.sub.vN.sub.w, with 0.2≦u≦1.0, 0≦v≦0.25 and 0.7≦w≦1.15 deposited by CVD. The second coating layer is titanium carbonitride Ti.sub.xC.sub.yN.sub.1-y, with 0.85≦x≦1.1 and 0.4≦y≦0.85, and is deposited on top of the first coating layer by MT-CVD. The second Ti.sub.xC.sub.yN.sub.1-y coating layer has a columnar grain morphology and the overall fiber texture of the Ti.sub.xC.sub.yN.sub.1-y coating layer is characterized by a texture coefficient TC (1 1 1)>2.

There is provided a coated tool in which an aluminum oxide layer has improved wear resistance. The coated tool is, for example, a cutting tool (1) which is provided with a base material (5) and a coating layer (6) located on a surface of the base material (5), wherein a cutting edge (4) and a flank surface (3) are located on the coating layer (6), the coating layer (6) has a portion in which at least a titanium carbonitride layer (8) and an aluminum oxide layer (10) having an α-type crystal structure are laminated in this order, and, with regard to a texture coefficient (Tc) (hkl) which is calculated on a basis of a peak of the aluminum oxide layer (10) analyzed by an X-ray diffraction analysis, a texture coefficient (Tc1) (4_0_10) as measured from a surface side of the aluminum oxide layer (10) in the flank surface (3) is 0.6 or more.

A coated tool is, for example, a cutting tool which is provided with a base material and a coating layer located on the base material, wherein a cutting edge and a flank surface are located on the coating layer, the coating layer has a portion in which at least a titanium carbonitride layer and an aluminum oxide layer having an a-type crystal structure are laminated in this order, and, with regard to a texture coefficient (Tc) (hkl) which is calculated on a basis of a peak of the aluminum oxide layer analyzed by an X-ray diffraction analysis, a texture coefficient (Tc1) (146) as measured from a surface side of the aluminum oxide layer in the flank surface is 1 or more.

Fuel pellets can include a fission material powder, a protective layer coated on the fission material powder, and an oxidation diffusion barrier coated on the protective layer, with the protective layer and oxidation diffusion barrier being formed through ALD to achieve infiltration of the coatings within the fuel pellets.

A process chamber includes multiple partitions within a single continuous vacuum enclosure. Each of the multiple partitions is defined by respective distinct volumes within the single continuous vacuum enclosure that are connected thereamongst for unhindered movement of a substrate therethrough. The multiple partitions are configured to provide different process gases or purge gases to the substrate as the substrate cycles through the multiple positions. The process can cycle through a first deposition step that deposits a first material on the substrate in a first position and a second deposition step that deposits a second material on the substrate in a second position within each cycle. Alternatively or additionally, the process spaces can include at least one precursor treatment space and at least one reaction space.

A manufacturing method for a component in a plasma processing apparatus is provided. The method includes: performing a surface conditioning on a surface of an underlying layer on which a film is to be formed by thermal spraying, the surface of the underlying layer includes a surface of a base or a surface of a layer formed on the surface of the base; and forming the film on the surface of the underlying layer by thermally spraying yttrium fluoride. A high velocity oxygen fuel spraying method or an atmospheric plasma spraying method is used in the forming of the film.

An article including a metal having an austenite transformation temperature of 850 degrees C. or more. The metal may be a steel, such as a stainless steel, a martensitic steel, or a martensitic stainless steel. In some embodiments, the metal is a steel including iron, molybdenum, and tungsten, and at least one of the following: manganese, nickel, chromium, and vanadium, where the manganese, nickel, chromium, and vanadium are in the following ranges: manganese: less than 0.1 wt %, nickel: less than 0.7 wt %, chromium: more than 12.5 wt %, and vanadium: more than 0.3 wt %. The article may have a surface coated with inorganic particles. In some embodiments, the article is an extrusion die, such as a honeycomb extrusion die.