A graphite-metal carbide-rhenium article of manufacture is provided, which is suitable for use as a component in the hot zone of a rocket motor at operating temperatures in excess of approximately 3,000 degrees Celsius. One side of the metal carbide is chemically bonded to the surface of the graphite, and the rhenium containing protective coating is mechanically bonded to the other side of the metal carbide. Rhenium forms a solid solution with carbon at elevated temperatures. The metal carbide interlayer serves as a diffusion barrier to prevent carbon from migrating into contact with the rhenium containing protective coating. The metal carbide is formed by a conversion process wherein a refractory metal carbide former is allowed to react with carbon in the surface of the graphite. This structure is lighter and less expensive than corresponding solid rhenium components.

A gas turbine engine component includes a metal substrate and a coating system disposed on the metal substrate. The coating system includes at least one layer of aluminum-chromium oxide.

A method and system for die compensation and restoration uses high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating and plasma ion nitriding to compensate for a particular part (damaged part) of a press die that causes formation of fine curves at a door of a vehicle to restore it to its original state. A coating thickness quantification technique may precisely compensate for the damaged part of the die that causes formation of the fine curves at the door of the vehicle in a circular form using HVOF thermal spray coating. A surface of the die may be nitrided using plasma ion nitriding after HVOF thermal spray coating is performed, so as to harden the surface of the die so that wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the die can be greatly improved and the hardfacing or overlay welding efficiency of the die can be increased.

An erosion and corrosion resistant protective coating for turbomachinery application includes at least one ceramic or metal-ceramic coating segment deposited on surface of a conductive metal substrate subjected to a pre-deposition treatment by at least blasting to provide the surface with texture. The erosion and corrosion resistant coating has a plurality of dome-like structures with dome width between in range from about 0.01 m to about 30 m. The at least one coating segment is formed by condensation of ion bombardment from a metal-gaseous plasma flow, wherein, at least during deposition of first micron of the coating segment, deposition rate of metal ions is at least 3 m/hr and kinetic energy of deposited metal ions exceeds 5 eV.

A gripping tool includes a gripping element and at least one gripping surface formed on the gripping element. The at least one gripping surface includes a plurality of teeth extending from the gripping element an outer layer. A method to surface process a gripping surface of a gripping tool includes providing the gripping surface in an environment comprising a source of additive material and heating the gripping surface at a temperature and a time to diffuse the additive material a depth into the gripping surface to form a diffusion layer.

A method and system for die compensation and restoration uses high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating and plasma ion nitriding to compensate for a particular part (damaged part) of a press die that causes formation of fine curves at a door of a vehicle to restore it to its original state. A coating thickness quantification technique may precisely compensate for the damaged part of the die that causes formation of the fine curves at the door of the vehicle in a circular form using HVOF thermal spray coating. A surface of the die may be nitrided using plasma ion nitriding after HVOF thermal spray coating is performed, so as to harden the surface of the die so that wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the die can be greatly improved and the hardfacing or overlay welding efficiency of the die can be increased.

Provided is a technique of forming a film on a substrate by performing a cycle a predetermined number of times. The cycle includes: forming a first layer by supplying a gas containing a first element to the substrate, wherein the first layer is a discontinuous layer, a continuous layer, or a layer in which at least one of the discontinuous layer or the continuous layer is overlapped; forming a second layer including the first layer and a discontinuous layer including a second element stacked on the first layer; and forming a third layer by supplying a gas containing a third element to the substrate to modify the second layer under a condition where a modifying reaction of the second layer by the gas containing the third element is not saturated.

A gripping tool includes a gripping element and at least one gripping surface formed on the gripping element. The at least one gripping surface includes a plurality of teeth extending from the gripping element an outer layer. A method to surface process a gripping surface of a gripping tool includes providing the gripping surface in an environment comprising a source of additive material and heating the gripping surface at a temperature and a time to diffuse the additive material a depth into the gripping surface to form a diffusion layer.

A method for forming a chromium nitride coating over a substrate to provide a chromium nitride coated article, and the resulting chromium nitride coated article, each use a bilayer chromium nitride containing material layer deposited over a UV-absorbing material layer deposited over a leveling material layer on the substrate. The bilayer chromium nitride containing material layer includes: (1) a first chromium nitride material layer having a first thickness, a first uniform chromium concentration and a first uniform nitrogen concentration located and formed closer to a substrate which provides the article; and (2) a second chromium nitride material layer having a second thickness, a second increasingly graded chromium concentration and a second decreasingly graded nitrogen concentration located and formed upon the first chromium nitride material layer. This particular bilayer chromium nitride containing material layer provides the article with superior reflectivity and crack resistance.

A hot-stamping formed body includes a steel sheet having a predetermined chemical composition and a film disposed on the steel sheet. In the film, in GDS measurement in a region from a surface to a depth position of 100 m from the surface, Zn.sub.total as a cumulative amount of Zn is 10.0 g/m.sup.2 or more and less than 40.0 g/m.sup.2, in GDS measurement in a region from the surface to a peak position of Al, a sum of Zna as a cumulative amount of Zn and a cumulative amount of Mn is 20.0 g/m.sup.2 or less and a sum of a cumulative amount of Al, a cumulative amount of Si, and a cumulative amount of Cr is 60 mg/m.sup.2 or more and 240 mg/m.sup.2 or less, Zn.sub.totalZna is 3.0 g/m.sup.2 or more and 30.0 g/m.sup.2 or less, and an arithmetic average roughness Ra is less than 1.50 m.