A bioactive coated substrate includes a base substrate, an outermost bioactive layer disposed over the base substrate, and a topcoat layer disposed on the outermost bioactive layer. Characteristically, the topcoat layer defines a plurality of pinholes that expose the outermost bioactive layer. A method for forming the bioactive coated substrate is also provided.

A coated metallic substrate is provided, including, at least; one layer of oxides, such layer being directly topped by an intermediate coating layer comprising Fe, Ni, Cr and Ti wherein the amount of Ti is above or equal to 5 wt. % and wherein the following equation is satisfied: 8 wt. %<Cr+Ti<40 wt. %, the balance being Fe and Ni, such intermediate coating layer being directly topped by a coating layer being an anticorrosion metallic coating.

A coated tool may include a base member and a coating layer located on the base member. The coating layer may include a plurality of AlTi layers and a plurality of AlCr layers. The AlTi layers may include at least one kind selected from nitride, carbide or carbonitride, each including aluminum and titanium. The AlCr layers may include at least one kind selected from nitride, carbide or carbonitride, each including aluminum and chromium. The coating layer may include a laminate structure in which the AlTi layers and the AlCr layers are alternately laminated one upon another. The AlCr layers may include a first AlCr layer and a second AlCr layer located farther away from the base member than the first AlCr layer. A content ratio of chromium in the second AlCr layer may be higher than a content ratio of chromium in the first AlCr layer.

A cutting tool comprises a substrate and an AlTiN layer, the AlTiN layer including a first major surface and a second major surface, the AlTiN layer including a first region having a distance of 0 nm or more and 30 nm or less from the first major surface and having a maximum oxygen content ratio of 30 atomic % or more, a second region having a distance of more than 30 nm and 100 nm or less from the first major surface and having a maximum oxygen content ratio of 5 atomic % or more and less than 30 atomic %, and a third region having a distance exceeding 100 nm from the first major surface and having a maximum oxygen content ratio of less than 5 atomic %.

A cutting tool comprises a substrate and an AlTiN layer, the AlTiN layer including cubic Al.sub.xTi.sub.(1-x)N crystal grains, an atomic ratio x of Al in the Al.sub.xTi.sub.(1-x)N being 0.7 or more and 0.95 or less, the AlTiN layer including a first major surface on a side of a surface of the cutting tool and a second major surface on a side of the substrate, the AlTiN layer including a first region having a distance of 0 nm or more and 100 nm or less from the first major surface, and a second region having a distance of more than 100 nm and 150 nm or less from the first major surface, the first region having a maximum oxygen content ratio of 5 atomic % or more and 30 atomic % or less, the second region having a maximum oxygen content ratio of less than 5 atomic %.

A surface coated cutting tool comprises a base material and a coating layer that coats the base material, the coating layer including an alternate layer composed of a first unit layer and a second unit layer alternately stacked, the first unit layer being composed of a nitride containing aluminum and zirconium, in the first unit layer, when the total number of metal atoms constituting the first unit layer is represented as 1, a ratio thereto of the number of atoms of the zirconium being not less than 0.65 and not more than 0.95, the second unit layer being composed of a nitride containing titanium and silicon, in the second unit layer, when the total number of metal atoms constituting the second unit layer is represented as 1, a ratio thereto of the number of atoms of the silicon being larger than 0 and not more than 0.20.

A coating film has a multilayer structure including stacked nanosheets of an inorganic oxide and has a thickness of a certain level or more, as well as a composite material containing a metallic material and the coating film provided on the metallic material.

A coated cutting tool includes a body and a PVD coating disposed on the body. The body being cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics, polycrystalline diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride based materials or a high speed steel. The coating includes a first layer of (Ti1-xAlx)N wherein 0.3≤x≤0.7, and a second layer of (Ti1-p-qAlp Siq)N with 0.15≤p≤0.45, and 0.05≤q≤0.20, wherein the second layer is deposited outside the first layer as seen in a direction from the body.

A coated cutting tool includes a multilayer of alternating sublayers of κ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and sublayers of TiN, TiC, TiCN, TiCO or TiCNO. The multilayer includes at least 3 sublayers of κ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3. The multilayer further exhibits an XRD diffraction over a θ-2θ scan of 15°-140°, wherein the 0 0 2 diffraction peak (peak area) is the strongest peak originating from the κ-Al.sub.2O.sub.3 sublayers of the multilayer.

An aft aerodynamic fairing of an aircraft engine pylon including at least two side panels, wherein each side panel is made of titanium or of titanium alloy and wherein at least one anti-oxidation protective layer, including a layer composed of a chemically inert ceramic material is deposited on the external faces of each side panel that, when the aircraft engine pylon is in use, are in contact with an aerodynamic flow.