Corrosion protection of steel in concrete is provided by locating an anode assembly including both a sacrificial anode and an impressed current anode in contact with the concrete and providing an impressed current from a power supply to the anode. The impressed current anode forms a perforated sleeve surrounding a rod of the sacrificial anode material with an activated ionically-conductive filler material between. The system can be used without the power supply in sacrificial mode or when the power supply is connected, the impressed current anode can be powered to provide an impressed current system and/or to recharge the sacrificial anode from sacrificial anode corrosion products.

The application relates to a measuring device for a casing of a deep boring, including at least one electrical measuring cable insertable into the casing and having a first cable end connectable to at least one measuring equipment of the measuring device and a further cable end, at least one measuring head arranged on the further cable end and having at least one electrically conductive connecting element having a contact end configured to contact an inner wall of the casing, and at least one ground contact element connectable to the measuring equipment. The measuring equipment is configured to measure at least one electrical parameter dependent on at least one electrical protection parameter applied to the casing.

A delimitation unit (18) for a pipe section (24), in particular a pipe section (24) of a pipeline (12), comprises at least one protective component (46), a control unit (48) for controlling the protective component (46), and a communication unit (50) for communicating with a remote monitoring station (14). The communication unit (50) is arranged to receive at least one control command from the monitoring station (14). The control unit (48) is arranged to operate the protective components (46) in different operating modes to maintain the voltage of the pipe section (24) below at least one limit value, and to change the operating modes due to the control command received by the communication unit (50).

Furthermore, a pipeline system (10) and a method of operating a pipeline system (10) are shown.

A delimitation unit (18) for a pipe section (24), in particular a pipe section (24) of a pipeline (12), comprises at least one protective component (46), a control unit (48) for controlling the protective component (46), and a communication unit (50) for communicating with a remote monitoring station (14). The communication unit (50) is arranged to receive at least one control command from the monitoring station (14). The control unit (48) is arranged to operate the protective components (46) in different operating modes to maintain the voltage of the pipe section (24) below at least one limit value, and to change the operating modes due to the control command received by the communication unit (50).

Furthermore, a pipeline system (10) and a method of operating a pipeline system (10) are shown.

A method for preventing corrosion of a spent nuclear fuel canister by using electrolytic corrosion protection, according to the present invention, has an effect of enabling a semi-permanent operation and, particularly, has effects of preventing oxidation and corrosion problems of a canister made of a metal material, in consideration of various environmental variables that may cause corrosion, and ensuring the structural stability of the canister so as to enable a semi-permanent operation.

A reference electrode assembly including an extension device having a first end opposite a second end and a fluid reservoir disposed between the first end and the second end, a reference electrode engageable with the extension device at the first end of the extension device, an end cap having an external electrical connector positioned at the second end of the extension device, a selectively actuatable spout fluidly coupled to the fluid reservoir, and a conductive wire extending through the fluid reservoir to electrically couple the reference electrode with the external electrical connector.

The invention relates to a method and system for treating flue gases comprising generating a superimposed DC time-varying pulsed wave by superimposing a direct current on a low frequency time-varying pulsating electromagnetic wave signal, providing a treatment medium comprising water, using the superimposed DC pulsed wave to treat the treatment water medium, negatively charging the treated treatment water medium, and passing the negatively charged treated treatment water medium into a chamber containing flue gas such that the negatively charged treated treatment water affects the gas components of the flue gas and converts the gas components respectively to one or more of sulphates, nitrogen, oxygen, bicarbonates, carbonates and carbon, which can then be removed with used treatment water or exhaust gases. In particular, the invention relates to methods and systems for applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave comprising both AC and DC components in a pulsating manner to enable the removal of pollutant gases from flue gases.

The invention relates to a method and system for treating flue gases comprising generating a superimposed DC time-varying pulsed wave by superimposing a direct current on a low frequency time-varying pulsating electromagnetic wave signal, providing a treatment medium comprising water, using the superimposed DC pulsed wave to treat the treatment water medium, negatively charging the treated treatment water medium, and passing the negatively charged treated treatment water medium into a chamber containing flue gas such that the negatively charged treated treatment water affects the gas components of the flue gas and converts the gas components respectively to one or more of sulphates, nitrogen, oxygen, bicarbonates, carbonates and carbon, which can then be removed with used treatment water or exhaust gases. In particular, the invention relates to methods and systems for applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave comprising both AC and DC components in a pulsating manner to enable the removal of pollutant gases from flue gases.

A probe for measuring a cathodic protection condition of a buried steel structure includes: a steel electrode; a reference electrode; and a coupon fabricated of a conductive material. The steel electrode, the reference electrode and the conductive coupon are positioned in an ionically conductive medium in proximity with each other and are isolated from direct electrical contact with each other.

The present invention provides a system and a method for providing corrosion protection of a metallic structure using time varying electromagnetic wave. The system comprises: a generator for generating electromagnetic wave having a time varying frequency, said generator having at least two output terminals in electrical connection respectively with first and second excitation sites positioned in a spaced manner on the metallic structure, allowing for subjecting the metallic structure to the electromagnetic wave; and an electric power source connected to the generator for applying a driving voltage to the generator to drive the generation of the electromagnetic wave; wherein the driving voltage and/or the frequency of the electromagnetic wave are selected such that the metallic structure is energized to form in-situ a passive oxidized species of the metal on a surface of the metallic structure, which species is insusceptible to corrosion.