A cathodic protection device enclosing a reference cell and a conductive media and having two coupon assemblies mounted, facing opposing direction, on an exterior surface thereof is disclosed. The coupon assemblies each have a disc-shaped coupon seated in a jacket and are electrically coupled to a wire. The jacket is generally patch-sized and defines a pocket in a first surface and a groove in a second, opposing surface thereof. The disc-shaped coupon is seated in the pocket and the wire is seated in the groove with the electrical junction therebetween aligned with an aperture connecting the pocket to the groove. A sealing material is used to form a watertight seal between the disc-shaped coupon and the pocket and fills the groove. The device includes a hydrophilic porous member having a first surface in communication with the conductive media and a second surface in communication with an external environment.

A method for eliminating hydrocarbon fouling and reducing pumping power during hydrocarbon transportation. A dielectric layer covers the inner surface of a pipeline for transporting a water-hydrocarbon mixture. A proximity electrode is immersed in the water-hydrocarbon mixture, and an electrical voltage is applied across the dielectric layer. A buffer layer of water is formed on the dielectric layer since water is electrically attracted from the water-hydrocarbon mixture. This water layer, located between the dielectric layer and the water-hydrocarbon mixture, eliminates hydrocarbon fouling on the inner surface of the pipeline or any other internal surface that needs fouling protection. Alternatively, the dielectric layer covers an outer surface of the pipeline and is covered by an external conducting layer. Applying a potential difference between the proximity electrode and the external conducting layer still forms a water buffer layer between the inner surface and the water-hydrocarbon mixture, which eliminates hydrocarbon fouling.

A heat exchanger, includes a heat exchange pipe unit and a fin unit, the heat exchange pipe unit includes a refrigerant input pipe, a heat exchange pipe assembly and a refrigerant output pipe; the refrigerant input pipe is connected to one end of the heat exchange pipe assembly; the refrigerant output pipe is connected to the other end of the heat exchange pipe assembly; the fin unit is fixedly arranged outside of the heat exchange pipe assembly; the heat exchange pipe assembly and the fin unit are made of aluminum alloy; and the corrosion potential of the aluminum alloy which forms at least a part of the heat exchange pipe assembly is greater than the corrosion potential of the aluminum alloy which forms the remaining part of the heat exchange pipe assembly.

In this flat extruded aluminum multi-port tube, the corrosion-resistance, at inner surfaces of a plurality of flow passages independently and parallelly extending in the tube axial direction, is effectively enhanced. In a flat extruded aluminum multi-port tube 10 formed by an extrusion by employing an aluminum tube material and an aluminum sacrificial anode material having an electrochemically lower potential than the aluminum tube material, the aluminum sacrificial anode material is exposed to form a sacrificial anode portion 18 at least in a part of an inner circumferential portion in each of the plurality of flow passages 12.

An anode slurry for cathodic protection to underground metallic structures, preferably for casings of hydrocarbon producing wells or water injecting/producing wells, comprising a granulated electrical conducting material as anode and optionally a granulated filler with high electrical conductivity (backfill). There is also disclosed a method for providing cathodic protection to underground metallic structures by injecting an anode slurry into the underground formation containing the metallic structures.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus includes a substantially cylindrical mount body (350) comprising a first open mouth at a first end of the cylindrical body (350) and a further open mouth at a remaining end of the cylindrical body, a substantially cylindrical inner surface, and an outer surface that includes a plurality of spaced apart substantially parallel recessed regions that extends circumferentially around the body, wherein the cylindrical body (350) is tapered at each end and at least one securing element is located between the recessed regions.

An enhanced anode includes a modulated body which improves anode current output efficiency by maximizing the surface area to increase surface area to weight ratio. A toroidally modulated embodiment of the enhanced anode enlarges surface area by 48 percent increasing current output efficiency by 48 percent, only increases weight by three percent, and improves surface/weight ratio 44 percent, compared to know cylindrical anodes. The enhanced anode is preferably made from cast iron or other suitable materials (e.g. magnesium, zinc, aluminum) as well, and the design of the improved anode is applicable to galvanic cast anodes in general. The enhanced anode is suitable for molding and casting and does not increase production costs.

The invention relates to a method and system for treating water within a water system to control one or more of scaling, corrosion, bacteria and algae. In particular, the invention relates to methods and systems for applying a superimposed time-varying frequency electromagnetic wave comprising both AC and DC components in a pulsating manner to water within a water system, such as, for example, cooling water systems, cooling towers, boiler systems and water storage systems. The method and the system of the invention significantly reduce capital costs and require very low energy, they avoid environmentally unfriendly final products, and are able to result in various treatment effects simultaneously.

flexible pipe body and a method of providing electrical continuity are disclosed. The flexible pipe body comprises a first armour layer formed from a helical winding of a metal tape element, a further armour layer formed from a helical winding of a further metal tape element, and at least one intermediate layer between the first and further armour layers, said intermediate layer comprising a helically wound electrically insulating tape element (800.sub.0, 800.sub.1, 800.sub.2, 800.sub.3, 800.sub.4) and a helically wound electrically conductive tape element (810.sub.0, 810.sub.1, 810.sub.2, 810.sub.3, 810.sub.4).

Minimum Federal Safety Standards for corrosion control on buried oil & gas pipelines stipulate that metallic pipes should be properly coated and have impressed-current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems in place to control the electrical potential field around a protected pipe. In certain examples described herein, electrically-conductive composites can be used and provide intrinsically-safe materials without the dielectric shielding issues of existing materials used with pipelines. As reacted by customary spray applications, the nanocomposite foams described herein are directly compatible with ICCP functionality wherever foam contacts the metallic pipe. Various compositions and their use with underground and/or above ground pipelines are described.