An optical component may be optically blackened so that the surface of the component is not reflective when light impinges upon the surface. In some examples, a method of blackening involves exposing a surface of the optical component that defines an optical pathway to an optical blackening composition for a period of time effective to optically blacken the surface. The optical blackening composition may be configured so that the resulting optically blackened optical pathway is non-fluorescing when exposed to ultraviolet light. In some examples, the optical blackening composition comprises selenous acid and is devoid of organic molecules.

A surface treatment agent capable of forming a hexavalent chromium-free chemical conversion coating that can provide an excellent corrosion-resistant coating on various metallic materials; a metallic material having a surface treatment coating obtained therefrom; and a method of producing the same. A free fluorine ion-containing surface treatment agent for surface-treating a metallic material, which is obtained by mixing at least one supply source (A) of trivalent chromium-containing ions A; a supply source (B) of ions B that are at least one selected from titanium-containing ions and zirconium-containing ions; a water-soluble or water-dispersible compound (C) containing an alkoxysilyl group, an aromatic ring, a hydroxy group directly bonded to the aromatic ring, and at least one of primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary amino groups, wherein the alkoxysilyl group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the amino group directly or via an alkylene group; and a fluorine-containing compound (D) providing fluorine-containing ions.

In a method for cleaning a non-machined aluminum alloy product involving alkaline degreasing and treatment thereof after alkaline pickling with an acidic solution, the aluminum alloy product undergoes (a) initial acid cleaning before alkaline degreasing or (b) alkaline degreasing, followed by a subsequent acid rinse, alkaline treatment anew and an additional acid rinse thereafter. The aluminum alloy product may be a rolled aluminum alloy strip, a rolled aluminum alloy sheet and an aluminum alloy profile.

Provided herein is a method for pretreating aluminum materials, particularly aluminum wheels, wherein an aluminum material is successively i) cleaned and subsequently rinsed, ii) optionally subjected to alkaline pickling and subsequently rinsed, iii) optionally contacted with an aqueous composition comprising at least one mineral acid, iv) optionally rinsed and v) contacted with an acidic aqueous composition comprising a) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium and hafnium compounds and b) at least one linear terpolymer prepared by controlled radical polymerisation and comprising vinylphosphonic acid monomeric units, hydroxylethyl- and/or hydroxylpropyl-(meth)acrylate monomeric units and (meth)acrylic acid monomeric units, vi) optionally rinsed, vii) optionally contacted with another aqueous composition, viii) optionally rinsed and ix) optionally dried. Further provided herein is a corresponding composition as well as the use of the materials treated according to the method.

Use of an aluminium composite material in a thermal joining method, said material consisting of at least one aluminium core alloy and at least one external brazing layer consisting of an aluminium brazing alloy provided on one or both sides of the aluminium core alloy, wherein the aluminium brazing layer has a pickled surface. Reduced costs and a lower environmental impact is achieved by using an aluminium composite material in which the pickled surface of the aluminium brazing layer had been pickled by pickling with an acid, aqueous pickling solution containing at least one mineral acid and at least one complex-forming agent or a complexing mineral acid, wherein the removal of material in the pickling is between 0.05 g/m.sup.2 and 6 g/m.sup.2, the aluminium composite material is used in a flux-free, thermal joining method, and the joining method is carried out in the presence of a protective gas.

Disclosed is a method of fabricating an aluminum alloy member for bonding different materials. The method may include etching the aluminum alloy member with one or more etching solutions, and forming one or more undercuts on a surface of the aluminum alloy member.

Methods, systems and apparatuses are disclosed for treating aluminum desmutting solutions by reacting, mixing and filtering an aluminum desmutting solution flow from an aluminum desmutting solution tank and controlling the amount of copper ions in an aluminum desmutting solution tank by directing a portion of the desmutting solution from a desmutting solution tank to a treatment line, reacting a portion of the desmutting solution in the treatment line and recirculating a filtered aluminum desmutting solution to the aluminum desmutting solution tank during active desmutting operation of the aluminum desmutting solution tank.

A titanium plate is provided in which a Vickers hardness Hv.sub.0.025 at a load of 0.245 N at a surface is 150 or less, and an average length of the profile elements RSm is 80 m or less and a maximum height Rz is less than 1.5 m, RSm and Rz being as defined in JIS B 0601: 2013. The titanium plate has good surface deformability.

A titanium plate is provided in which a Vickers hardness Hv.sub.0.025 at a load of 0.245 N at a surface is 150 or less, and an average length of the profile elements RSm is 80 m or less and a maximum height Rz is less than 1.5 m, RSm and Rz being as defined in JIS B 0601: 2013. The titanium plate has good surface deformability.

Implementations described herein generally relate to materials and coatings, and more specifically to materials and coatings for aluminum and aluminum-containing chamber components. In one implementation, a process is provided. The process comprises exposing an aluminum-containing component to a moisture thermal treatment process and exposing the aluminum-containing component to a thermal treatment process. The moisture thermal treatment process comprises exposing the aluminum-containing component to an environment having a moisture content from about 30% to about 100% at a first temperature from about 30 to about 100 degrees Celsius. The thermal treatment process comprises heating the aluminum-containing component to a second temperature from about 200 degrees Celsius to about 550 degrees Celsius to form an alumina layer on the at least one surface of the aluminum-containing component.