A process for electrochemical preparation of sodium alkoxide is performed in an electrolysis cell having three chambers, wherein the middle chamber is separated from the cathode chamber by a solid-state electrolyte permeable to sodium ions, and from the anode chamber by a diffusion barrier. The geometry of the electrolysis cell protects the solid-state electrolyte permeable to sodium ions from acidic destruction by the pH of the anolyte that falls in the course of electrolysis. The anolyte used in the process is a brine also comprising carbonates and/or hydrogencarbonates, as well as NaCl. The process solves the problem that CO.sub.2 from these carbonates and/or hydrogencarbonates forms in the electrolysis cell during the electrolysis of this brine obtained from pretreatment. The process prevents the formation of a gas bubble in the electrolysis cell that disrupts electrolysis and reduces the contamination of the chlorine with CO.sub.2.

A process for electrochemical preparation of sodium alkoxide is performed in an electrolysis cell having three chambers, wherein the middle chamber is separated from the cathode chamber by a solid-state electrolyte permeable to sodium ions, and from the anode chamber by a diffusion barrier. The geometry of the electrolysis cell protects the solid-state electrolyte permeable to sodium ions from acidic destruction by the pH of the anolyte that falls in the course of electrolysis. The anolyte used in the process is a brine also comprising carbonates and/or hydrogencarbonates, as well as NaCl. The process solves the problem that CO.sub.2 from these carbonates and/or hydrogencarbonates forms in the electrolysis cell during the electrolysis of this brine obtained from pretreatment. The process prevents the formation of a gas bubble in the electrolysis cell that disrupts electrolysis and reduces the contamination of the chlorine with CO.sub.2.

This invention relates to a method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines. The method can include a silica removal step, capturing lithium chloride, recovering lithium chloride, supplying lithium chloride to an electrochemical cell and producing lithium hydroxide, contacting the lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate.

This invention relates to a method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines. The method can include a silica removal step, capturing lithium chloride, recovering lithium chloride, supplying lithium chloride to an electrochemical cell and producing lithium hydroxide, contacting the lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate.

A Li ion recovery member and a Li recovery device may prevent occurrence of breakage of a permselective membrane and implement stable Li ion recovery for a long period of time even when a size of a Li recovery device is increased. The Li ion recovery member may include: a permselective membrane including a Li ion conductor made of an inorganic substance; electrodes; and a reticular elastic body, in which the electrodes are provided on at least one main surface side of the permselective membrane, at least one electrode of the electrodes is a porous electrode or a membrane electrode, and the porous electrode or the membrane electrode is sandwiched between the reticular elastic body and the permselective membrane. The Li recovery device may include a Li ion recovery electrolytic cell including the Li ion recovery member and configured to recover Li ions by electrodialysis.

This invention relates to a method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines. The method can include a silica removal step, capturing lithium chloride, recovering lithium chloride, supplying lithium chloride to an electrochemical cell and producing lithium hydroxide, contacting the lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate.

This invention relates to a method for the preparation of lithium carbonate from lithium chloride containing brines. The method can include a silica removal step, capturing lithium chloride, recovering lithium chloride, supplying lithium chloride to an electrochemical cell and producing lithium hydroxide, contacting the lithium hydroxide with carbon dioxide to produce lithium carbonate.

Apparatuses and methods for extracting desired chemical species including, without limitation, lithium, specific lithium species, and/or other chemical compounds from input flows in a modular unit. The input flows may be raw materials in which lithium metal and/or lithium species are dissolved and/or extracted. The apparatuses and methods may include daisy chain flow through separate tanks, a column array, and combinations thereof.

Apparatuses and methods for extracting desired chemical species including, without limitation, lithium, specific lithium species, and/or other chemical compounds from input flows in a modular unit. The input flows may be raw materials in which lithium metal and/or lithium species are dissolved and/or extracted. The apparatuses and methods may include daisy chain flow through separate tanks, a column array, and combinations thereof.

A washing machine of the present invention includes an electrolyzed water generating unit and a wash tub. The electrolyzed water generating unit includes an electrolytic solution supplying unit and an electrolysis unit including an electrolysis electrode pair. The electrolytic solution supplying unit is provided so as to supply an aqueous solution of an electrolyte for generating electrolyzed water to the electrolysis unit. The electrolyte for generating electrolyzed water contains an alkali metal chloride and a substance that makes an aqueous solution acidic. The electrolysis unit is provided so that the aqueous solution of the electrolyte for generating electrolyzed water is electrolyzed using the electrolysis electrode pair to generate an electrolyzed water. The electrolyzed water generating unit is provided so as to supply the electrolyzed water generated by the electrolysis unit to the wash tub. The electrolyzed water supplied to the wash tub by the electrolyzed water generating unit has a pH of more than 6.5 and less than 8.0.