In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods for the electrochemical production of calcium silicate compounds in an electrochemical cell that comprises (a) a Ca-based electrode that comprises calcium metal or an inorganic calcium material, (b) an SiO.sub.x-based electrode that comprises a SiO.sub.x material, where x ranges from 1 to 2, and (c) a liquid electrolyte disposed between the Ca-based electrode and the SiO.sub.x-based electrode. In these methods, the electrochemical cell is operated under conditions such that calcium cations are produced at the Ca-based electrode and one or more calcium silicate (CaSi-oxide) compounds are produced at the SiO.sub.x-based electrode. In other aspects, the present disclosure pertains to systems for the electrochemical production of calcium silicate compounds.

In some aspects, the present disclosure pertains to methods for the electrochemical production of calcium silicate compounds in an electrochemical cell that comprises (a) a Ca-based electrode that comprises calcium metal or an inorganic calcium material, (b) an SiO.sub.x-based electrode that comprises a SiO.sub.x material, where x ranges from 1 to 2, and (c) a liquid electrolyte disposed between the Ca-based electrode and the SiO.sub.x-based electrode. In these methods, the electrochemical cell is operated under conditions such that calcium cations are produced at the Ca-based electrode and one or more calcium silicate (CaSi-oxide) compounds are produced at the SiO.sub.x-based electrode. In other aspects, the present disclosure pertains to systems for the electrochemical production of calcium silicate compounds.

A method for producing a hydrocarbon including: preparing a molten salt containing a carbonate of a first metal; obtaining precipitates containing a first metal carbide by applying a voltage to the molten salt; and obtaining a gas containing the hydrocarbon and a hydroxide of the first metal by hydrolyzing the first metal carbide.

The invention relates to a system and process for digesting poultry litter. In general, in a first aspect, a poultry litter digester includes an anaerobic digestion reactor configured to digest poultry litter to produce an effluent and a biogas, and an electrolytic reactor having at least one magnesium anode, where the electrolytic reactor is configured to precipitate struvite from the effluent.

The invention relates to a system and process for digesting poultry litter. In general, in a first aspect, a poultry litter digester includes an anaerobic digestion reactor configured to digest poultry litter to produce an effluent and a biogas, and an electrolytic reactor having at least one magnesium anode, where the electrolytic reactor is configured to precipitate struvite from the effluent.

A method for producing a metal carbide including: preparing a molten salt containing at least one first metal ion selected from alkali metal ions or alkali earth metal ions; preparing an electrode containing carbon; and applying a voltage to the molten salt using the electrode to obtain a metal carbide composition containing a carbide of the first metal.

A method for producing a metal carbide including: preparing a molten salt containing at least one first metal ion selected from alkali metal ions or alkali earth metal ions; preparing an electrode containing carbon; and applying a voltage to the molten salt using the electrode to obtain a metal carbide composition containing a carbide of the first metal.

A method for producing a metal carbide, including electrode preparation that includes preparing a first molten salt containing at least one first metal ion selected from alkali metal ions or alkali earth metal ions, and a carbonate ion, and applying a voltage to the first molten salt to precipitate a precipitate containing carbon on a first electrode, thereby obtaining a second electrode; and electrolysis that includes applying a voltage to a second molten salt containing at least one second metal ion selected from alkali metal ions or alkali earth metal ions using the second electrode to obtain a carbide composition containing a carbide of the second metal.

A produced water stream in a GOSP is pretreated to remove total suspended solids, emulsified oil, total organic carbon, chemical organics and inorganics, and biodegradable matter. The pretreated produced water stream is further processed to remove hydrogen sulfide gas, which is split in an electrolysis cell to produce hydrogen, sulfur, and water. Following this, bromine gas is removed. The pretreated produced water stream, after the removal of hydrogen sulfide and bromine gas, is further treated using CO.sub.2 to produce several minerals. The pretreated produced water stream, after mineral production, is desalinated to produce fresh water and a reject stream. Several valuable chemicals are produced from the reject stream. This process recovers valuable minerals and chemicals from a produced water stream in a GOSP.

A produced water stream in a GOSP is pretreated to remove total suspended solids, emulsified oil, total organic carbon, chemical organics and inorganics, and biodegradable matter. The pretreated produced water stream is further processed to remove hydrogen sulfide gas, which is split in an electrolysis cell to produce hydrogen, sulfur, and water. Following this, bromine gas is removed. The pretreated produced water stream, after the removal of hydrogen sulfide and bromine gas, is further treated using CO.sub.2 to produce several minerals. The pretreated produced water stream, after mineral production, is desalinated to produce fresh water and a reject stream. Several valuable chemicals are produced from the reject stream. This process recovers valuable minerals and chemicals from a produced water stream in a GOSP.