A method for producing ammonia from nitrogen molecules, by supplying electrons from a power source, protons from a proton source, and nitrogen molecules from a device for supplying nitrogen gas, in the presence of a molecular catalyst and a solid catalyst at the cathode of a production apparatus that performs electrolysis. Regarding the molecular catalyst and the solid catalyst, bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride, for example, is used as the molecular catalyst, and a metal catalyst, an oxide catalyst, or a combination thereof is used as the solid catalyst.

A method for producing ammonia involves producing ammonia from molecular nitrogen in a production apparatus for performing electrolysis by supplying electrons from a power source, protons from a proton source and molecular nitrogen from a device for supplying a nitrogen gas while in the presence of a solid catalyst and a complex in a cathode. For example, a molybdenum complex represented by formula (A1) or formula (B2) as the complex, and a platinum catalyst or a platinum catalyst/gold catalyst combination as the solid catalyst are used.

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A method for producing ammonia involves producing ammonia from molecular nitrogen in a production apparatus for performing electrolysis by supplying electrons from a power source, protons from a proton source and molecular nitrogen from a device for supplying a nitrogen gas while in the presence of a solid catalyst and a complex in a cathode. For example, a molybdenum complex represented by formula (A1) or formula (B2) as the complex, and a platinum catalyst or a platinum catalyst/gold catalyst combination as the solid catalyst are used.

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A process for the preparation of a catalytic material of an electrode for electrochemical reduction reactions, said material comprising an active phase based on at least one metal from group VIb and an electroconductive support, which process is carried out according to at least the following stages:

a stage of bringing said support into contact with at least one solution containing at least one precursor of at least one metal from group VIb;

a drying stage at a temperature of less than 250° C., without a subsequent calcination stage;

a stage of sulfurization at a temperature of between 100° C. and 600° C.

A process for the preparation of a catalytic material of an electrode for electrochemical reduction reactions, said material comprising an active phase based on at least one metal from group VIb and an electroconductive support, which process is carried out according to at least the following stages:

a stage of bringing said support into contact with at least one solution containing at least one precursor of at least one metal from group VIb;

a drying stage at a temperature of less than 250° C., without a subsequent calcination stage;

a stage of sulfurization at a temperature of between 100° C. and 600° C.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a solid oxide fuel cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a solid oxide electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes a porous scaffold that includes a solid oxide having one or more metal nanoparticles disposed on one or more surfaces of the porous scaffold. The porous scaffold and the solid oxide electrolyte are formed from La.sub.0.8Sr.sub.0.2Ga.sub.0.83Mg.sub.0.17O.sub.2.815 (LSGM), and the metal nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of platinum, nickel, gold, and combinations thereof. Methods of synthesizing ammonia using the fuel cell are also described.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a solid oxide fuel cell includes a cathode, an anode, and a solid oxide electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode. The anode includes a porous scaffold that includes a solid oxide having one or more metal nanoparticles disposed on one or more surfaces of the porous scaffold. The porous scaffold and the solid oxide electrolyte are formed from La.sub.0.8Sr.sub.0.2Ga.sub.0.83Mg.sub.0.17O.sub.2.815 (LSGM), and the metal nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of platinum, nickel, gold, and combinations thereof. Methods of synthesizing ammonia using the fuel cell are also described.

The present disclosure discloses an ABO.sub.3 type high-entropy perovskite Ba.sub.x(FeCoNiZrY).sub.0.2O.sub.3-δ electrocatalytic material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of electrocatalytic materials. The electrocatalytic material is prepared by taking hydrated cobalt nitrate, hydrated ferric nitrate, hydrated nickel nitrate, barium nitrate, hydrated yttrium nitrate, hydrated zirconium nitrate and polyacrylonitrile staple fibers as raw materials through processes of liquid phase chelation, gelation, calcination, etc. The prepared high-entropy perovskite Ba.sub.x(FeCoNiZrY).sub.0.2O.sub.3-δ electrocatalytic material can release more electrochemical active sites due to its special nanostructure, thus showing better electrocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, by adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of A/B-site metals, the electronic structure change of five metals in a catalytic center and the change of an oxygen vacancy content are realized, and the purpose of adjusting and optimizing the nitrogen reduction performance is achieved, so that the electrocatalytic material has excellent electrocatalytic conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia gas.

The present disclosure discloses an ABO.sub.3 type high-entropy perovskite Ba.sub.x(FeCoNiZrY).sub.0.2O.sub.3-δ electrocatalytic material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of electrocatalytic materials. The electrocatalytic material is prepared by taking hydrated cobalt nitrate, hydrated ferric nitrate, hydrated nickel nitrate, barium nitrate, hydrated yttrium nitrate, hydrated zirconium nitrate and polyacrylonitrile staple fibers as raw materials through processes of liquid phase chelation, gelation, calcination, etc. The prepared high-entropy perovskite Ba.sub.x(FeCoNiZrY).sub.0.2O.sub.3-δ electrocatalytic material can release more electrochemical active sites due to its special nanostructure, thus showing better electrocatalytic activity. Meanwhile, by adjusting the stoichiometric ratio of A/B-site metals, the electronic structure change of five metals in a catalytic center and the change of an oxygen vacancy content are realized, and the purpose of adjusting and optimizing the nitrogen reduction performance is achieved, so that the electrocatalytic material has excellent electrocatalytic conversion of nitrogen gas into ammonia gas.

A ruthenium-copper (RuCu) nano-sponge (NSP) electrocatalyst for use in the electrolytic reduction of nitrogen to provide ammonia is described. The RuCu NSP can be prepared as a porous nanoparticle comprising a RuCu alloy via facile reduction of Ru and Cu precursors under ambient conditions. Electrodes prepared with surface disposed RuCu NSPs can be used to prepare ammonia from nitrogen with good yields and Faradaic efficiency at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.