Provided are an anode for electrolysis, which includes a metal base, and a catalyst layer disposed on at least one surface of the metal base, wherein the catalyst layer includes a composite metal oxide of ruthenium, iridium, titanium, and platinum, and a metal in the composite metal oxide does not include palladium, wherein, when the catalyst layer is equally divided into a plurality of pixels, a standard deviation of iridium compositions of the plurality of equally divided pixels is 0.40 or less, and a method of preparing the same.

An alkaline water electrolysis vessel including: an anode-side frame body defining an anode chamber; a cathode-side frame body defining a cathode chamber; an ion-permeable separating membrane being arranged between the anode-side frame body and the cathode-side frame body, and separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; a gasket being sandwiched by the anode-side frame body and the cathode-side frame body to be held therebetween, and holding the periphery of the separating membrane; an anode being arranged in the anode chamber without being held by the gasket; a cathode being arranged in the cathode chamber without being held by the gasket; and an electroconductive first elastic body arranged in the anode chamber, wherein the anode is a flexible first porous plate; and the anode is arranged between the separating membrane and the first elastic body, and is pushed by the first elastic body toward the cathode.

An alkaline water electrolysis vessel including: an anode-side frame body defining an anode chamber; a cathode-side frame body defining a cathode chamber; an ion-permeable separating membrane being arranged between the anode-side frame body and the cathode-side frame body, and separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; a gasket being sandwiched by the anode-side frame body and the cathode-side frame body to be held therebetween, and holding the periphery of the separating membrane; an anode being arranged in the anode chamber without being held by the gasket; a cathode being arranged in the cathode chamber without being held by the gasket; and an electroconductive first elastic body arranged in the anode chamber, wherein the anode is a flexible first porous plate; and the anode is arranged between the separating membrane and the first elastic body, and is pushed by the first elastic body toward the cathode.

An electrochemical electrode according to the present invention may prevent agglomeration and desorption of a catalyst even when a catalyst in a particle form is used, because a protective layer containing hydrogel is used, such that stability may be secured, thereby implementing an electrode having a long duration.

Disclosed is an integrally combined electrical current carrier, circulation chamber and frame (CCF) formed as a single or double part (CCF) for use in unipolar electrochemical devices, such as a filter press electrolyser apparatus. The CCF is structured to define an internal circulation chamber for circulation of electrolyte, products, and reactants as well as apertures which form flow passageways when the filter press device is assembled. Affixed on opposed surfaces of the CCFs are electrically conductive planar electroactive structures which are in electrical contact with the CCF. The circulation chamber is formed by the depth of the CCF itself between opposing electroactive structures. Multiple CCFs are assembled and compressed together to form the filter press electrolyser apparatus. The flow passageway apertures within the assembled filter press electrolyser are aligned to form flow pathways, located above and below the circulation chambers. Reactants and electrolyte are input along the bottom flow pathways. When power is applied to the CCFs and electroactive structures, the reactants, once they flow into the circulation chamber with the electrolyte, undergo redox reactions to produce the products which are then collected and exit the electrolyser in the upper flow pathways.

Disclosed is an integrally combined electrical current carrier, circulation chamber and frame (CCF) formed as a single or double part (CCF) for use in unipolar electrochemical devices, such as a filter press electrolyser apparatus. The CCF is structured to define an internal circulation chamber for circulation of electrolyte, products, and reactants as well as apertures which form flow passageways when the filter press device is assembled. Affixed on opposed surfaces of the CCFs are electrically conductive planar electroactive structures which are in electrical contact with the CCF. The circulation chamber is formed by the depth of the CCF itself between opposing electroactive structures. Multiple CCFs are assembled and compressed together to form the filter press electrolyser apparatus. The flow passageway apertures within the assembled filter press electrolyser are aligned to form flow pathways, located above and below the circulation chambers. Reactants and electrolyte are input along the bottom flow pathways. When power is applied to the CCFs and electroactive structures, the reactants, once they flow into the circulation chamber with the electrolyte, undergo redox reactions to produce the products which are then collected and exit the electrolyser in the upper flow pathways.

A system is disclosed for controlling an electrochemical process. The system has a power source that is coupled to a power amplifier. The power amplifier is configured to provide an electromotive force (emf) signal, and a plurality of electrodes apply the emf signal to an electrochemical solution. A control element is configured to control the power amplifier such that the emf signal exhibits a predetermined frequency, amplitude, and duty cycle for reducing a thickness of the Nernst diffusion layer such that an operational parameter is set to a predetermined value.

A method for operating a system for electrolysis in order to obtain at least one gaseous electrolysis product, in which system at least one electrolysis device is electrically connected to a power converter by means of a direct-voltage circuit, the power converter being connected to an alternating-voltage circuit in order to supply the at least one electrolysis device with electrically energy for the operation of the at least one electrolysis device, the power converter being operated by means of zero crossing control. The invention further relates to a system of this type.

A method for operating a system for electrolysis in order to obtain at least one gaseous electrolysis product, in which system at least one electrolysis device is electrically connected to a power converter by means of a direct-voltage circuit, the power converter being connected to an alternating-voltage circuit in order to supply the at least one electrolysis device with electrically energy for the operation of the at least one electrolysis device, the power converter being operated by means of zero crossing control. The invention further relates to a system of this type.

A method of automatic dishwashing of dishware, including electrolytically generating a bleaching species, washing the dishware with a composition comprising the bleaching species, and washing the dishware with a composition including an enzyme. The invention also includes an automatic dishwasher including a wash tank, an electrochemical cell, and a first reservoir containing a composition including an enzyme, wherein the electrochemical cell contains a solution including an alkali metal chloride salt, wherein the dishwasher is configured to electrolyze the solution, and to dose the electrolyzed solution into the wash tank before dosing the composition including the enzyme into the wash tank. The invention also includes a kit for use in the method of automatic dishwashing of dishware.