Functionalized aryldiazonium salts and films formed by electrografting of functionalized aryldiazonium salts are provided. Methods for purifying functionalized aryldiazonium salts and for coating solid support systems with functionalized aryldiazonium salts are also provided. These coated solid support systems can be used, for example, in methods of oligonucleotide synthesis.

The invention is related to a process for preparing a iodinating X-rays contrast agent. More specifically, it relates to a process for the preparation of N,N-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxaniide (I) by electrochemical iodination of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (II) with molecular iodine (I2) which is in situ electrochemically generated from a source of iodide ions (I?). The iodide ions (I?) are obtained by the dissolution of hydrogen iodide (HI) or an alkali metal iodide in the reaction medium or produced during the reaction of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide with I2. The invention also relates to the use of the intermediate compound of formula (I), obtained through the above electrochemical iodination of compound (II), in the preparation of N,N-bis[2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5(hydroxyacetyl)methylamino]-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (iomeprol).

The invention is related to a process for preparing a iodinating X-rays contrast agent. More specifically, it relates to a process for the preparation of N,N-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxaniide (I) by electrochemical iodination of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (II) with molecular iodine (I2) which is in situ electrochemically generated from a source of iodide ions (I?). The iodide ions (I?) are obtained by the dissolution of hydrogen iodide (HI) or an alkali metal iodide in the reaction medium or produced during the reaction of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide with I2. The invention also relates to the use of the intermediate compound of formula (I), obtained through the above electrochemical iodination of compound (II), in the preparation of N,N-bis[2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5(hydroxyacetyl)methylamino]-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (iomeprol).

A method for halogenation of an organic compound with a halogen from a waste source comprising a halogen containing polymer includes admixing waste source with the organic compound, a solvent, and an electrolyte, wherein the solvent swells and/or dissolves the halogen containing polymer in the waste source; and exposing the admixture to a negative voltage in an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an oppositely disposed anode. The halogen containing polymer is dehalogenated by the cathode to generate a halogen anion. The halogen anode is formed into a reactive halogen species by the anode. The halogen species reacts with the organic compound to halogenate the organic compound

A method for halogenation of an organic compound with a halogen from a waste source comprising a halogen containing polymer includes admixing waste source with the organic compound, a solvent, and an electrolyte, wherein the solvent swells and/or dissolves the halogen containing polymer in the waste source; and exposing the admixture to a negative voltage in an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an oppositely disposed anode. The halogen containing polymer is dehalogenated by the cathode to generate a halogen anion. The halogen anode is formed into a reactive halogen species by the anode. The halogen species reacts with the organic compound to halogenate the organic compound

The invention is related to a process for preparing a iodinating X-rays contrast agent. More specifically, it relates to a process for the preparation of N,N-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxaniide (I) by electrochemical iodination of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (II) with molecular iodine (I2) which is in situ electrochemically generated from a source of iodide ions (I). The iodide ions (I) are obtained by the dissolution of hydrogen iodide (HI) or an alkali metal iodide in the reaction medium or produced during the reaction of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide with I2. The invention also relates to the use of the intermediate compound of formula (I), obtained through the above electrochemical iodination of compound (II), in the preparation of N,N-bis[2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5(hydroxyacetyl)methylamino]-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (iomeprol).

The invention is related to a process for preparing a iodinating X-rays contrast agent. More specifically, it relates to a process for the preparation of N,N-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxaniide (I) by electrochemical iodination of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (II) with molecular iodine (I2) which is in situ electrochemically generated from a source of iodide ions (I). The iodide ions (I) are obtained by the dissolution of hydrogen iodide (HI) or an alkali metal iodide in the reaction medium or produced during the reaction of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide with I2. The invention also relates to the use of the intermediate compound of formula (I), obtained through the above electrochemical iodination of compound (II), in the preparation of N,N-bis[2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5(hydroxyacetyl)methylamino]-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (iomeprol).

Integrations of carbon monoxide electrolyzers and chlor-alkali electrolyzers are disclosed herein. The disclosed integrations include novel process chains for the valorization of oxocarbons into hydrochloric acid, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, ethylene oxide, and other useful chemicals. The disclosed integrations further include novel ways to operate the electrolyzers in tandem to increase the efficiency of both reactors. This disclosure also includes novel ways to balance the operation of both electrolyzers to assure they are operating at an optimal level to take advantage of the benefits of the disclosed integrations.

Integrations of carbon monoxide electrolyzers and chlor-alkali electrolyzers are disclosed herein. The disclosed integrations include novel process chains for the valorization of oxocarbons into hydrochloric acid, vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, ethylene oxide, and other useful chemicals. The disclosed integrations further include novel ways to operate the electrolyzers in tandem to increase the efficiency of both reactors. This disclosure also includes novel ways to balance the operation of both electrolyzers to assure they are operating at an optimal level to take advantage of the benefits of the disclosed integrations.

The current disclosure provides alternating current based systems and methods to develop chemical compounds, such as drug molecules using electrochemistry in organic synthesis.