A method for halogenation of an organic compound with a halogen from a waste source comprising a halogen containing polymer includes admixing waste source with the organic compound, a solvent, and an electrolyte, wherein the solvent swells and/or dissolves the halogen containing polymer in the waste source; and exposing the admixture to a negative voltage in an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode and an oppositely disposed anode. The halogen containing polymer is dehalogenated by the cathode to generate a halogen anion. The halogen anode is formed into a reactive halogen species by the anode. The halogen species reacts with the organic compound to halogenate the organic compound

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to various configurations of electrochemical oxidation, chlorine oxidation, oxychlorination, chlorination, and epoxidation reactions to form propylene oxide or ethylene oxide.

There are provided electrochemical methods and systems to form one or more organic compounds or enantiomers thereof selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted dioxane, substituted or unsubstituted dioxolane, dichloroethylether, dichloromethyl methyl ether, dichloroethyl methyl ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, phosgene, and combinations thereof.

The invention is related to a process for preparing a iodinating X-rays contrast agent. More specifically, it relates to a process for the preparation of N,N-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxaniide (I) by electrochemical iodination of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (II) with molecular iodine (I2) which is in situ electrochemically generated from a source of iodide ions (I). The iodide ions (I) are obtained by the dissolution of hydrogen iodide (HI) or an alkali metal iodide in the reaction medium or produced during the reaction of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide with I2. The invention also relates to the use of the intermediate compound of formula (I), obtained through the above electrochemical iodination of compound (II), in the preparation of N,N-bis[2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5(hydroxyacetyl)methylamino]-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (iomeprol).

The invention is related to a process for preparing a iodinating X-rays contrast agent. More specifically, it relates to a process for the preparation of N,N-bis-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxaniide (I) by electrochemical iodination of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (II) with molecular iodine (I2) which is in situ electrochemically generated from a source of iodide ions (I). The iodide ions (I) are obtained by the dissolution of hydrogen iodide (HI) or an alkali metal iodide in the reaction medium or produced during the reaction of N,N-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5-hydroxy-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide with I2. The invention also relates to the use of the intermediate compound of formula (I), obtained through the above electrochemical iodination of compound (II), in the preparation of N,N-bis[2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-5(hydroxyacetyl)methylamino]-2,4,6-triiodo-1,3-benzenedicarboxamide (iomeprol).

There are provided electrochemical methods and systems to form one or more organic compounds or enantiomers thereof selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted dioxane, substituted or unsubstituted dioxolane, dichloroethylether, dichloromethyl methyl ether, dichloroethyl methyl ether, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, phosgene, and combinations thereof.

The present disclosure is a system and method for producing a first product from a first region of an electrochemical cell having a cathode and a second product from a second region of the electrochemical cell having an anode. The method may include a step of contacting the first region with a catholyte comprising carbon dioxide. The method may include another step of contacting the second region with an anolyte comprising a recycled reactant and at least one of an alkane, haloalkane, alkene, haloalkene, aromatic compound, haloaromatic compound, heteroaromatic compound or halo-heteroaromatic compound. Further, the method may include a step of applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode sufficient to produce a first product recoverable from the first region and a second product recoverable from the second region.

A system and method for conversion of biowaste into usable energy components comprises anaerobic digestion of carbonaceous feedstocks, production of an aqueous solution of hydrogen bromide and carbon dioxide, and recovery of hydrogen via electrolysis of the aqueous hydrobromic acid formed in the process. In one embodiment, a hydrogen enriched biogas generator is employed to produce electricity and heat.

Disclosed herein are methods and systems that relate to electrochemically oxidizing metal halide with a metal ion in a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state; halogenating an unsaturated hydrocarbon or a saturated hydrocarbon with the metal halide with the metal ion in the higher oxidation state; and oxyhalogenating the metal halide with the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state in presence of an oxidant. In some embodiments, the oxyhalogenation is in series with the electrochemical oxidation, the electrochemical oxidation is in series with the oxyhalogenation, the oxyhalogenation is parallel to the electrochemical oxidation, and/or the oxyhalogenation is simultaneous with the halogenation.

There are provided methods and systems for an electrochemical cell including an anode and a cathode where the anode is contacted with a metal ion that converts the metal ion from a lower oxidation state to a higher oxidation state. The metal ion in the higher oxidation state is reacted with hydrogen gas, an unsaturated hydrocarbon, and/or a saturated hydrocarbon to form products.