Methods of catalyzing an electrochemical reaction are provided. In embodiments, such a method comprises applying an electrical potential across a fixed working electrode and a counter electrode, the fixed working electrode and the counter electrode in contact with an electrolyte solution comprising reactant species and fluidized electrocatalyst particles, the fluidized electrocatalyst particles undergoing free fluid motion within and throughout the electrolyte solution, wherein the electrical potential is applied to induce an electrochemical reaction between the reactant species and the fluidized electrocatalyst particles at transient interfaces formed between the reactant species, the fluidized electrocatalyst particles and the working electrode upon collisions of the fluidized electrocatalyst particles with the working electrode.

Systems and methods for providing alternative fuel, in particular hydrogen photocatalytically generated by a system comprising photoactive nanoparticles and a nitrogenase cofactor are provided. In one aspect, the system includes a water soluble cadmium selenide nanoparticle (CdSe) surface capped with mercaptosuccinate (CdSe-MSA) and a NafY.FeMo-co complex comprising a NafY protein and an iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co), wherein the CdSe-MSA and NafY.FeMo-co complex are present in about 1:2 to 1:10 molar ratio.

A synthesis gas production system for producing CO and H.sub.2 by electrolyzing an aqueous solution containing CO.sub.2 includes: an electrolysis device including an anode chamber and a cathode chamber separated by a separator membrane; a cathode-side circulation line connected to the cathode chamber to circulate a cathode solution containing CO.sub.2; a catalyst supply device provided in the cathode-side circulation line to supply a CO production catalyst to the cathode solution; and a gas composition detection device configured to measure a ratio between CO and H.sub.2 in a production gas produced in the cathode chamber. At least one of control of a supply amount of the CO production catalyst by the catalyst supply device and control of a voltage applied between the anode and the cathode by the electrolysis device is performed to make a ratio of H.sub.2 to CO in the production gas be within a predetermined target range.

The present disclosure provides a semiconductor compound, which includes a metal complex unit and a conjugate unit. The metal complex unit includes a coordination center and a plurality of ligands. The coordination center is a metal ion or a metal atom, and the ligands are linked with the coordination center. The conjugate unit is linked with the metal complex unit by covalent bond.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a water-electrolysis catalyst electrode including cobalt boride nanoparticles, the method comprising: preparing cobalt boride nanoparticles with thermal plasma; and manufacturing an electrode including the prepared cobalt boride nanoparticles.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a water-electrolysis catalyst electrode including cobalt boride nanoparticles, the method comprising: preparing cobalt boride nanoparticles with thermal plasma; and manufacturing an electrode including the prepared cobalt boride nanoparticles.

An electrolyzer comprising a first and a second electrode and an ion exchange membrane arranged in-between the first and the second electrode. Each electrode comprises a conductive element and a catalyst layer and at least one catalyst layer comprises a catalyst structure. The catalyst structure comprises a plurality of elongated nanostructures and a plurality of electrocatalyst particles attached to the plurality of elongated nanostructures, wherein the plurality of elongated nanostructures is arranged to control a position of the plurality of electrocatalyst particles relative to the ion exchange membrane.

An electrolyzer comprising a first and a second electrode and an ion exchange membrane arranged in-between the first and the second electrode. Each electrode comprises a conductive element and a catalyst layer and at least one catalyst layer comprises a catalyst structure. The catalyst structure comprises a plurality of elongated nanostructures and a plurality of electrocatalyst particles attached to the plurality of elongated nanostructures, wherein the plurality of elongated nanostructures is arranged to control a position of the plurality of electrocatalyst particles relative to the ion exchange membrane.

The present invention is related to the electrochemical conversion of CO.sub.2 and provides the use of Gas Diffusion Electrode with an aprotic solvent in such conversion of CO.sub.2 as well as an electrochemical cell for use in such conversion. The application and electrochemical cell as herein provided are particularly useful in the conversion of CO.sub.2 into oxalate/oxalic acid.

The present invention is related to the electrochemical conversion of CO.sub.2 and provides the use of Gas Diffusion Electrode with an aprotic solvent in such conversion of CO.sub.2 as well as an electrochemical cell for use in such conversion. The application and electrochemical cell as herein provided are particularly useful in the conversion of CO.sub.2 into oxalate/oxalic acid.