A manufacturing apparatus of carbide of the present disclosure includes a tank, a lid, a molten salt crucible, an electrode assembly, an air intake device and a heating device. The lid is connected to the tank to jointly delimit a compartment. The molten salt crucible is disposed in the compartment for containing a salt. The electrode assembly includes a working electrode and a counter electrode. An end of the working electrode and an end of the counter electrode both contact the salt in the molten salt crucible, and the end of the working electrode contacting the salt is for fixing a reactant tablet. The air intake device is configured to exchange the air in the compartment. The heating device is configured to heat the compartment.

An electrolysis system includes: an oxygen consumption device that consumes, using hydrogen, oxygen gas in exhaust gas; a valve device that is configured to switch a supply destination of the hydrogen-containing gas output from a solid oxide electrolysis stack to either one of the oxygen consumption device or a generating device; and a control device that controls the valve device according to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas output from the oxygen consumption device to switch the supply destination of the hydrogen-containing gas.

An electrolysis system includes: an oxygen consumption device that consumes, using hydrogen, oxygen gas in exhaust gas; a valve device that is configured to switch a supply destination of the hydrogen-containing gas output from a solid oxide electrolysis stack to either one of the oxygen consumption device or a generating device; and a control device that controls the valve device according to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas output from the oxygen consumption device to switch the supply destination of the hydrogen-containing gas.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to nanoparticle/ordered-ligand interlayers. In one aspect, a structure comprises an assembly and a layer of ligands disposed on a surface of the assembly. The assembly comprises a plurality of metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles of the plurality of metal nanoparticles in the assembly are proximate one another. The layer of ligands is operable to detach from the surface of the assembly but to remain proximate the surface of the assembly when the assembly is disposed in an electrolyte and a negative bias is applied to the assembly. An interlayer forms between the assembly and the layer of ligands, with the interlayer comprising desolvated cations from the electrolyte.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to nanoparticle/ordered-ligand interlayers. In one aspect, a structure comprises an assembly and a layer of ligands disposed on a surface of the assembly. The assembly comprises a plurality of metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles of the plurality of metal nanoparticles in the assembly are proximate one another. The layer of ligands is operable to detach from the surface of the assembly but to remain proximate the surface of the assembly when the assembly is disposed in an electrolyte and a negative bias is applied to the assembly. An interlayer forms between the assembly and the layer of ligands, with the interlayer comprising desolvated cations from the electrolyte.

A process for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide using a three-compartment cell provides low voltage requirements, high faradaic efficiencies, and high concentration of formic acid in product solutions. The applied voltage between anode and cathode should be less than 3.5V. Carbon dioxide may be converted to an organic acid.

A process for electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide using a three-compartment cell provides low voltage requirements, high faradaic efficiencies, and high concentration of formic acid in product solutions. The applied voltage between anode and cathode should be less than 3.5V. Carbon dioxide may be converted to an organic acid.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing hydrogen by an improved electrolytic process; to electrolytic cells (electrolyzers) adapted to such a process and to devices comprising such electrolytic cells. The invention further relates to new uses of aqueous hydrazine; particularly as an electrolyte.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing hydrogen by an improved electrolytic process; to electrolytic cells (electrolyzers) adapted to such a process and to devices comprising such electrolytic cells. The invention further relates to new uses of aqueous hydrazine; particularly as an electrolyte.

Described herein are proton exchange membrane style electrolyzers, and methods of making same, with a polybenzimidazole (PBI) or sulfonated polybenzimidazole (s-PBI) membrane and metal catalysts on the anode and cathode, which enables both acid independent membrane resistance and lower membrane resistance with higher operating temperatures.