The invention relates to a method for producing a gas product containing oxygen, wherein a feedstock containing water is subjected to electrolysis to obtain a raw anode gas, which is rich in oxygen and contains hydrogen, and a raw cathode gas, which is low in oxygen and rich in hydrogen. The raw anode gas is at least partially subjected to a catalytic conversion of hydrogen to water to obtain a first mixture with depleted hydrogen content. A first part of the first mixture is returned to the raw anode gas downstream of the electrolysis and upstream of the catalytic conversion, and the gas product containing oxygen is formed using at least a second part of the first mixture. The invention also relates to a plant for carrying out a method of this type.

The invention relates to a method for producing a gas product containing oxygen, wherein a feedstock containing water is subjected to electrolysis to obtain a raw anode gas, which is rich in oxygen and contains hydrogen, and a raw cathode gas, which is low in oxygen and rich in hydrogen. The raw anode gas is at least partially subjected to a catalytic conversion of hydrogen to water to obtain a first mixture with depleted hydrogen content. A first part of the first mixture is returned to the raw anode gas downstream of the electrolysis and upstream of the catalytic conversion, and the gas product containing oxygen is formed using at least a second part of the first mixture. The invention also relates to a plant for carrying out a method of this type.

A power generator is described that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for reactions involving atomic hydrogen hydrogen products identifiable by unique analytical and spectroscopic signatures, (ii) a molten metal injection system comprising at least one pump such as an electromagnetic pump that provides a molten metal stream to the reaction cell and at least one reservoir that receives the molten metal stream, and (iii) an ignition system comprising an electrical power source that provides low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to the at least one steam of molten metal to ignite a plasma to initiate rapid kinetics of the reaction and an energy gain. In some embodiments, the power generator may comprise: (v) a source of H.sub.2 and O.sub.2 supplied to the plasma, (vi) a molten metal recovery system, and (vii) a power converter capable of (a) converting the high-power light output from a blackbody radiator of the cell into electricity using concentrator thermophotovoltaic cells or (b) converting the energetic plasma into electricity using a magnetohydrodynamic converter.

An energy storage system converts variable renewable electricity (VRE) to continuous heat at over 1000° C. Intermittent electrical energy heats a solid medium. Heat from the solid medium is delivered continuously on demand. An array of bricks incorporating internal radiation cavities is directly heated by thermal radiation. The cavities facilitate rapid, uniform heating via reradiation. Heat delivery via flowing gas establishes a thermocline which maintains high outlet temperature throughout discharge. Gas flows through structured pathways within the array, delivering heat which may be used for processes including calcination, hydrogen electrolysis, steam generation, and thermal power generation and cogeneration. Groups of thermal storage arrays may be controlled and operated at high temperatures without thermal runaway via deep-discharge sequencing. Forecast-based control enables continuous, year-round heat supply using current and advance information of weather and VRE availability. High-voltage DC power conversion and distribution circuitry improves the efficiency of VRE power transfer into the system.

A device for producing an azo compound includes a reaction unit in which a first solution comprising a hydrazo compound and at least one type of M.sub.aX.sub.b; a negative electrode disposed to be in direct contact with the hydrazo compound inside the reaction unit; and a positive electrode disposed inside the reaction unit so as to be in contact with the solution. X is a halogen element, M is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Sn, Zr, and Ti, or at least one selected from the group consisting of a primary ammonium ion, a secondary ammonium ion, and a tertiary ammonium ion, H is hydrogen, and a and b are each independently any one integer between 1 and 4.

A device for producing an azo compound includes a reaction unit in which a first solution comprising a hydrazo compound and at least one type of M.sub.aX.sub.b; a negative electrode disposed to be in direct contact with the hydrazo compound inside the reaction unit; and a positive electrode disposed inside the reaction unit so as to be in contact with the solution. X is a halogen element, M is at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Sn, Zr, and Ti, or at least one selected from the group consisting of a primary ammonium ion, a secondary ammonium ion, and a tertiary ammonium ion, H is hydrogen, and a and b are each independently any one integer between 1 and 4.

The present invention relates to the production of graphene from CO.sub.2 through electrolysis and exfoliation processes. One embodiment is a method for producing graphene comprising (i) performing electrolysis between an electrolysis anode and an electrolysis cathode in a molten carbonate electrolyte to generate carbon nanomaterial on the cathode, and (ii) electrochemically exfoliating the carbon nanomaterial from a second anode to produce graphene. The exfoliating step produces graphene in high yield than thicker, conventional graphite exfoliation reactions. CO.sub.2 can be the sole reactant used to produce the valuable product as graphene. This can incentivize utilization of CO.sub.2, and unlike alternative products made from CO.sub.2 such as carbon monoxide or other fuels such as methane, use of the graphene product does not release this greenhouse gas back into the atmosphere.

An energy storage system converts variable renewable electricity (VRE) to continuous heat at over 1000° C. Intermittent electrical energy heats a solid medium. Heat from the solid medium is delivered continuously on demand. An array of bricks incorporating internal radiation cavities is directly heated by thermal radiation. The cavities facilitate rapid, uniform heating via reradiation. Heat delivery via flowing gas establishes a thermocline which maintains high outlet temperature throughout discharge. Gas flows through structured pathways within the array, delivering heat which may be used for processes including calcination, hydrogen electrolysis, steam generation, and thermal power generation and cogeneration. Groups of thermal storage arrays may be controlled and operated at high temperatures without thermal runaway via deep-discharge sequencing. Forecast-based control enables continuous, year-round heat supply using current and advance information of weather and VRE availability. High-voltage DC power conversion and distribution circuitry improves the efficiency of VRE power transfer into the system.

Apparatus for producing alkali hydroxide and method for operating apparatus for producing alkali hydroxide are provided. A cooling chamber through which a coolant can pass is constructed by placing a separation wall in a cathode chamber on a side opposite to an ion-exchange membrane, and a flow rate adjuster, such as manual valves, which can adjust the supply flow rate of the coolant is placed in each unit cell. The electrolytic temperature of each unit cell is regulated at an optimum operating temperature depending on the current density by adjusting the flow rate of the coolant without individually adjusting the flow rate of salt water supplied to the unit cell or the concentration of the salt water.

Apparatus for producing alkali hydroxide and method for operating apparatus for producing alkali hydroxide are provided. A cooling chamber through which a coolant can pass is constructed by placing a separation wall in a cathode chamber on a side opposite to an ion-exchange membrane, and a flow rate adjuster, such as manual valves, which can adjust the supply flow rate of the coolant is placed in each unit cell. The electrolytic temperature of each unit cell is regulated at an optimum operating temperature depending on the current density by adjusting the flow rate of the coolant without individually adjusting the flow rate of salt water supplied to the unit cell or the concentration of the salt water.