An inner case of an electrolysis system houses therein an electrolysis stack. An intermediate case encloses the inner case from outside. An outer case encloses the intermediate case from outside. A method of operating the electrolysis system includes a vacuum step, a heat storage step, and an electrolysis starting step. In the vacuum step, air in a vacuum space formed between the intermediate case and the outer case is discharged. In the heat storage step, a heating fluid is supplied to a heat storage space formed between the inner case and the intermediate case.

A carbon dioxide treatment apparatus, a carbon dioxide treatment method, and a method for producing a carbon compound that have high energy efficiency in recovery and reduction of carbon dioxide and are highly effective in reducing loss of carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide treatment apparatus (100) includes a recovery device (1) configured to recover carbon dioxide, an electrochemical reaction device (2) configured to electrochemically reduce carbon dioxide, and a pH adjuster (52), wherein pH of a cathode side electrolytic solution is higher than that of an anode side electrolytic solution, carbon dioxide gas is supplied from a concentration part 11 to a gas flow path on a side of a cathode (21) opposite to an anode (22), and the carbon dioxide gas is reduced at the cathode (21).

A method of generating oxygen and at least one of hydrogen or ammonia includes receiving ambient air containing moisture, collecting liquid water from the ambient air, receiving, by a water electrolyzer, the collected liquid water and electricity from an electrical source, and performing an electrolysis process by the water electrolyzer to thereby generate the oxygen and the at least one of hydrogen or ammonia from the received liquid water and electricity.

The present invention relates to a photo-electrochemical device for production of a gas, liquid or solid using concentrated electromagnetic irradiation. The device comprises a photovoltaic component configured to generate charge carriers from the concentrated electromagnetic irradiation; and an electrochemical component configured to carry out electrolysis of a reactant. The photovoltaic component contacts the electrochemical component at a solid interface to form an integrated photo-electrochemical device; and further includes at least one reactant channel or a plurality of reactant channels extending between the photovoltaic component and the electrochemical component to transfer heat and the reactant from the photovoltaic component to the electrochemical component. The integrated photo-electrochemical device and auxiliary devices (such as concentrator, flow controllers) build a system which can flexibly react to changes in operating condition and guarantee best performance.

There is provided an energy management method, comprising steps of conducting (304) electric energy from an energy production plant (110, 112, 114, 140) to an energy storage facility (120, 220), applying, in the energy storage facility (120, 220), the received electric energy on a chemical compound (222) to separate the chemical compound to a first component (224) and a second component (226), and storing (306), in the energy storage facility (120, 220), the first component and the second component separately.

A radiator includes a base, a tubular structure, a plurality of fins and a spiral structure. The base has a water input port and a water output port. The tubular structure is coupled to the base and is further connected with the water input port and the water output port. A spiral structure is arranged inside the tubular structure, or the inner surface of the tubular structure has a delay structure formed by a plurality of bumps for improving heat dissipation efficiency of water. The tubular structure runs through the plurality of fins. In addition, the radiator of the present invention is applied to a hydrogen generator. The base of the radiator is directly and integrally formed with the upper cover of the water tank of the hydrogen generator, and the assembly can be completed only by coupling the base to the tube, thereby reducing the assembly process.

A compression apparatus includes a stack of electrochemical cells each including an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte membrane interposed therebetween, a pair of insulating plates disposed at respective ends of the stack in a stacking direction, a pair of first end plates disposed on outside surfaces of the respective insulating plates, and a voltage applicator that applies a voltage between the anode and the cathode. Upon the voltage applicator applying the voltage, the compression apparatus causes hydrogen included in a hydrogen-containing gas fed to the anode to move to the cathode and produces compressed hydrogen. One of the first end plates have a first channel formed therein, through which the hydrogen-containing gas fed to the anode flows, and a second channel formed therein, through which a heating medium flows. The compression apparatus further includes a heater that heats the heating medium.

An electrochemical system includes an electrochemical device having a stack of n solid oxide electrochemical cells, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1. The electrochemical system also includes at least n−1 interconnection plates which are interposed between the electrochemical cells, and means for supplying gas to the electrochemical cells and means for collecting gas produced by the electrochemical cells. The electrochemical system further includes means for electrically connecting the system to the outside. The electrochemical device also includes heating means integrated into the stack, said heating means comprising electrical conductors housed in the clamping plates.

An electrochemical system includes an electrochemical device having a stack of n solid oxide electrochemical cells, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1. The electrochemical system also includes at least n−1 interconnection plates which are interposed between the electrochemical cells, and means for supplying gas to the electrochemical cells and means for collecting gas produced by the electrochemical cells. The electrochemical system further includes means for electrically connecting the system to the outside. The electrochemical device also includes heating means integrated into the stack, said heating means comprising electrical conductors housed in the clamping plates.

The present invention relates to a new process of α,β-desaturation of compounds containing a carbonyl moiety, in particular, ketones, esters, amides, lactones, lactams and aldehydes.