A process for the separation of electrolyte from the carbon in a solid carbon/electrolyte cathode product formed at the cathode during molten carbonate electrolysis. The processes allows for easy separation of the solid carbon product from the electrolyte without any observed detrimental effect on the structure and/or stability of the resulting solid carbon nanomaterial.

An electrolytic cell may include a cathode half-cell having a cathode, an anode half-cell having an anode, and a separator that separates the two half-cells from one another and that is permeable to electrolyte present in the half-cells during operation. At least one inlet for electrolyte is provided in a first half-cell of the two half-cells, and at least one outlet for electrolyte and no inlet for electrolyte are provided in the second half-cell such that electrolyte supplied via the at least one inlet is dischargeable via the at least one outlet after passing through the separator. A method can also be utilized to operate such an electrolytic cell. And an electrolyzer may include multiple of such electrolytic cells.

Systems and methods for increasing the concentration of a desired CO.sub.x reduction reaction product are described. In some embodiments, the systems and methods include ethylene purification.

The disclosure relates, inter alia, to a system comprising: (1) an electric power grid; (2) an electrolyzer generating a first stream of hydrogen in communications link with the electric power grid; (3) hydrogen production means for producing a second stream of hydrogen, said hydrogen production means being a non-electrolyzer in communications link with the electrolyzer; (4) a first conduit leading to a hydrogen user through which hydrogen flows to the hydrogen user; (5) a second conduit connecting the electrolyzer to the first conduit through which hydrogen from the electrolyzer flows to the first conduit at a first location; (6) a third conduit distinct from the second conduit connecting the non-electrolyzer to the first conduit through which hydrogen from the non-electrolyzer flows to the first conduit at a second location distinct from the first location; and (7) means for controlling and maintaining a continuous flow of hydrogen to the hydrogen user.

Herein discussed is a method of producing carbon monoxide comprising: (a) providing an electrochemical reactor having an anode, a cathode, and a mixed-conducting membrane between the anode and the cathode; (b) introducing a first stream to the anode, wherein the first stream comprises a fuel; (c) introducing a second stream to the cathode, wherein the second stream comprises carbon dioxide, wherein carbon monoxide is generated from carbon dioxide electrochemically; wherein the reactor generates no electricity and receives no electricity. In an embodiment, the anode and the cathode are separated by the membrane and are both exposed to reducing environments during the entire time of operation.

A hydrogen generating element of an electrochemical apparatus may include a compacted homogenous body of an alloy-like material which contains at least 60 wt.-%, preferably more than 75 wt.-%, of Mg or a Mg alloy, 5 to 20 wt.-% Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, and 5 to 20 wt.-% of an electrolyte precursor material.

The electrochemical apparatus of the present disclosure includes a first stack that includes an oxide ion conductor as an electrolyte and decomposes water vapor to generate hydrogen and oxygen, a second stack that includes a proton conductor as an electrolyte and separates the hydrogen generated in the first stack from a gas mixture of the hydrogen and the water vapor that has not been decomposed in the first stack, and a heat insulation material that covers the first stack and the second stack.

An electrolytic system and method of manufacturing white phosphorus.

A water electrolysis and electricity generating system is equipped with a second supply flow path, a second lead-out flow path, a second gas-liquid separator, a hydrogen exhaust gas circulation flow path, and a storage flow path. In the second lead-out flow path, product hydrogen gas and hydrogen exhaust gas are led out from a cell member. The second gas-liquid separator separates into a gas and a liquid the product hydrogen gas and the hydrogen exhaust gas which have been led out from the second lead-out flow path. The second lead-out flow path and the second gas-liquid separator are shared in common by a water electrolysis mode and an electricity generating mode.

A rechargeable electrolysis cell includes: an anode; a cathode; an electrical connection; and an electrolyte. The cathode has an inlet for an oxidizer. The reducing agent is a solvated metal ligand, a Birch electron, a solvated electron, metal salt, or a metallic plating on the cathode. The oxidizer is a halogen. A method of discharging the cell includes providing the reducing agent at the anode and delivering the oxidizer to the cathode and transferring an electron from the anode through an electrical load, oxidizing the reducing agent and reducing the oxidizer to produce a salt dissolved in the electrolyte. Charging the cell includes applying direct current to convert the salt to the reducing agent and the oxidizer and separating the reagents.