Described herein are systems and methods for the management and control of electrolyte within confined electrochemical cells or groups (e.g. stacks) of connected electrochemical cells, for example, in an electrolyzer. Various embodiments of systems and methods provide for the elimination of parasitic conductive paths between cells, and/or precise passive control of fluid pressures within cells. In some embodiments, a fixed volume of electrolyte is substantially retained within each cell while efficiently collecting and removing produced gases or other products from the cell.

A hydrogen production system according to an embodiment includes an evaporator that evaporates seawater to generate water vapor, an electrolytic device that electrolyzes the water vapor supplied from the evaporator to produce hydrogen, and a removal mechanism that is provided between the evaporator and the electrolytic device and removes a seawater component from the water vapor.

In an aspect a method of recovering hydrogen, the method comprises reacting a hydrocarbon to form a carbon compound and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the carbon compound comprises at least one of carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide; separating the carbon compound from the hydrogen; directing the carbon compound to a cathode side of an electrochemical cell and directing water to an anode side of the electrochemical cell; electrolyzing the water on the anode side to form oxygen and protons; applying a voltage to a membrane and electrode assembly in the electrochemical cell to cause the protons to traverse through a proton exchange membrane from an anode to a cathode on the cathode side; and reacting the protons with the carbon compound to form an organic product.

The present invention relates to a combustion additive comprising a colloidal solution containing dispersed fine metal particles. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the colloid. More particularly the present teaching relates to a combustion additive having a colloid, wherein the colloid comprises metal particles providing in an alkaline aqueous solution, the metal particles being dispersed within that solution and having an average diameter in the range of 30 nm to 30 μm. The colloid can partly/fully substitute water of a water injection system or used as an air humidification component for combustion.

An electrochemical reaction device of an embodiment includes: an electrochemical reaction cell 1 that includes: a first electrode having a first flow path, a second electrode having a second flow path, and a separating membrane sandwiched between the first electrode and the second electrode; a liquid tank that contains a liquid to be treated supplied to the second flow path of the second electrode; a first pipe that connects an inlet of the second flow path and the liquid tank; a second pipe that connects an outlet of the second flow path and the liquid tank; and a backflow suppression mechanism that is provided in the second pipe to prevent backflow of the liquid to be treated flowing in the second pipe or reduce a backflow speed.

An energy management system is provided with a fuel synthesizing apparatus, a power generation apparatus, a CO.sub.2 recovering unit, a compressor, a CO.sub.2 storage unit, a CO.sub.2 pressure reducing unit and a heat recovery unit. The fuel synthesizing apparatus generates hydrocarbon from H.sub.2O and CO.sub.2 using externally supplied power. The power generation apparatus generates power using the hydrocarbon. The CO.sub.2 recovering unit recovers CO.sub.2 from an exhaust gas exhausted from the power generation apparatus during a power generation. The compressor compresses the recovered CO.sub.2. The CO.sub.2 storage unit stores the CO.sub.2 compressed by the compressor. The CO.sub.2 pressure reducing unit depressurizes the CO.sub.2 stored in the CO.sub.2 storage unit in order to supply the fuel synthesizing apparatus therewith. The heat recovery unit recovers heat from the CO.sub.2, the heat having been stored in the CO.sub.2 when compressed or depressurized.

An electrolytic reactor comprises at least one electrolytic cell with an anode compartment and a cathode compartment separated by a separator, in particular a semipermeable membrane. The anode compartment comprises an inlet and an outlet for anolyte at opposed ends, said inlet and outlet being connected with each other via an anolyte circulation pipe equipped with a storage means for anolyte, an anolyte vessel and at least one adsorption filter for adsorbing molecular impurities. When molecular impurities comes from the cathode compartment through the separator, the electrolytic reactor acts also as a cleaning device for the catholyte.

Described are electrochemical systems and methods for the generation of high purity hydride gases, e.g. for delivery to semiconductor fabrication reactors.

The invention relates to an apparatus for separating a product gas from an electrolysis medium, and for drying the product gas separated from the electrolysis medium. The apparatus includes a vessel, defining in its interior a liquid phase part and a gas phase part, whereby the liquid phase part and the gas phase part are immediately adjacent to each other, wherein the liquid phase part is configured to separate the product gas from the electrolysis medium loaded with product gas, to obtain a degassed electrolysis medium, and wherein the gas phase part is configured to dry the product gas separated from the electrolysis medium. The apparatus also includes an inlet for the supply of the electrolysis medium to the interior of the vessel, an outlet for discharging the degassed electrolysis medium from the vessel, and an outlet for discharging the separated product gas from the interior of the vessel.

The invention relates to the field of chemical technology and relates in particular to devices for electrolyzing aqueous alkali metal chloride solutions to obtain chlorine, chlorine compounds, oxygen, ozone as well as hydroperoxide compounds and can be used for disinfection in the medical, pharmaceutical and food industries as well as in the purification and sterilization of water by aqueous solutions of hypochlorous and hydroperoxide oxidizing agents.