The present invention relates to a bone implant with a porous lithium tantalate membrane and a method for preparing the bone implant. The bone implant comprises: (1) a substrate; and (2) a porous membrane on the substrate, wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of a tantalum substrate, a niobium substrate, a tantalum-niobium alloy substrate and a titanium substrate, and wherein the porous membrane is selected from the group consisting of a porous lithium tantalate membrane, a porous lithium niobate membrane, a porous lithium tantalate-lithium niobate mixture membrane and a porous titanium oxide membrane. The bone implant of the present invention has one or more of the following beneficial effects: (1) The bone implant has excellent corrosion resistance; (2) the elasticity modulus of the bone implant can be adjusted according to process conditions so that it has higher biocompatibility with the elasticity modulus of a human or animal bone (such as an alveolar bone and a cranium); (3) the white color of the bone implant is close to the color of the bone itself and the bone implant has an aesthetic appearance; (4) the bone implant has excellent bacteriostatic properties.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a colored product, in particular a colored mobile phone shell, comprising the following steps: (1) providing a product substrate, preferably a shell substrate; and (2) surface-treating the product substrate, preferably shell substrate, by an anodic oxidation method and/or a molten salt electrochemical method, wherein the product substrate, preferably shell substrate, is made of materials selected from the group consisting of tantalum, niobium, a tantalum-niobium alloy, titanium and a titanium alloy. The present invention further relates to a colored product, in particular a colored mobile phone shell, manufactured by the above method, comprising: (1) a product substrate, preferably a shell substrate; and (2) an amorphous metal oxide layer and/or lithium-containing compound layer formed on the surface of the product substrate, preferably shell substrate, wherein the product substrate, preferably shell substrate, is made of materials selected from tantalum, niobium, a tantalum-niobium alloy, titanium and a titanium alloy.

The disclosure provides a method comprising inducing a first current between a source of a countercharge and a first electrode, the first current being through an electrolyte. A second current is induced across the first electrode, the second current being transverse to the first current, and the second current inducing a relativistic charge across the first electrode.

A method of applying a protective coating with improved adhesion on an aluminum alloy component includes first pretreating the surface of a component by depositing a sacrificial protective immersion layer using a zincating or similar process. Portions of the protective immersion layer as well as portions of the underlying aluminum alloy substrate are then electrolytically etched off in an ionic liquid. A protective aluminum coating is then electrodeposited on the component in an ionic liquid.

Systems and methods for generating return journey notifications include obtaining a request for navigational directions to a target destination. An outbound journey route from an initial location to the target destination can be determined, wherein the outbound journey route includes an estimated outbound journey time. A return journey route from the target destination to a return destination can be determined, wherein the return journey route includes an estimated return journey time. The outbound journey route and/or return journey route can be determined at least in part from one or more of current traffic conditions or historical traffic conditions. One or more notifications regarding the return journey route can be generated when comparing the estimated outbound journey time to the estimated return journey time results in a determination that one or more predetermined criteria are met.

Methods for light-induced electroplating of aluminum are disclosed herein. Exemplary methods may comprise preparing an ionic liquid comprising aluminum chloride (AlCl.sub.3) and an organic halide, placing the silicon substrate into the ionic liquid, illuminating the silicon substrate, the illumination passing through the ionic liquid, and depositing aluminum onto the silicon substrate via a light-induced electroplating process, wherein the light-induced electroplating process utilizes an applied current that does not exceed a photo-generated current generated by the illumination.

Methods for electropolishing and coating aluminum on a surface of an air and/or moisture sensitive substrate, including: in a vessel, submerging the substrate in a first molten salt bath and applying an anodizing current to the substrate at a first temperature to electropolish the surface of the substrate; wherein the first molten salt bath includes one of a first organic salt bath and first inorganic salt bath; wherein, when used, the first organic salt bath includes one of (a) aluminum halide and ionic liquid, (b) a combination of an aluminum halide and halogenatedmethylphenylsulfone (C.sub.6(H.sub.5-y,X.sub.y)SO.sub.2CX.sub.3, where y is a number from 0-5), (c) a combination of an aluminum halide, an ionic liquid, and halogenatedmethylphenylsulfone (C.sub.6(H.sub.5-y,X.sub.y)SO.sub.2CX.sub.3), and (d) AlF.sub.3-organofluoride-hydrofluoric acid adduct; wherein, when used, the first inorganic salt bath includes aluminum halide and alkali metal halide; and wherein the anodizing current is 10-30 mA/cm.sup.2.

The disclosure provides a method comprising inducing a first current between a source of a countercharge and a first electrode, the first current being through an electrolyte. A second current is induced across the first electrode, the second current being transverse to the first current, and the second current inducing a relativistic charge across the first electrode.

Provided herein is a composition for forming a metal deposit on a substrate. The composition consists essentially of a carboxamide, trialkylamine chloride, and a metal salt. The carboxamide comprises Formula (I). The trialkylamine chloride and the carboxamide are in molar ratio between 1:1 and 1:30 to form an ionic liquid. The trialkylamine chloride is trimethylamine chloride (TMACl), triethylamine chloride (TEACl), triethanolamine chloride, or combinations thereof. The metal salt has the formula MX.sub.y, wherein M is a metal, X is a halide, and y is an oxidation number of M, the metal salt being in a concentration between about 0.2 and about 1.5 moles per liter of the ionic liquid. The metal deposit has an average grain size between about 0.2 μm and about 3 μm and contains less than about 1 mol % of each oxygen, carbon, and chlorine.

The present disclosure provides a manufacturing method of indium tin oxide, including: providing a first electrolyte including choline chloride, urea, indium chloride, boric acid, and ascorbic acid; disposing a workpiece, wherein at least a part of the workpiece is in contact with the first electrolyte; heating the first electrolyte to 60° C.-95° C.; applying a first operating current to electroplate indium onto the workpiece; providing an second electrolyte including choline chloride, urea, tin chloride, boric acid, and ascorbic acid; disposing the indium-coated workpiece, wherein at least a part of the workpiece is in contact with the second electroplate; heating the second electroplate to 60° C.-95° C.; applying a second operating current to electroplate tin onto the workpiece; and annealing the indium and tin on the workpiece to form indium tin oxide in an oxygen environment.