Disclosed is a method of manufacturing various alloy thin films, in which nano-scale cracks are controlled, with desired compositions using an ultrasonic pulse electroforming process. The method includes a step of forming a multilayer that includes two or more different thin metal film layers, in which nano-scale cracks due to hydrogen generation are controlled, a step of ultimately facilitating interdiffusion by controlling the thickness of the multilayer to a nano-scale thickness through pulse application and the number of layers forming the multilayer, and controlling an alloy to have a desired composition through heat treatment, and a step of thermally treating the multilayer such that interdiffusion sufficiently occurs among the two or more different thin metal film layers. The step of thermally treating may be carried out along with rolling, whereby very fine cracks may be removed by compression and, accordingly, alloy foils having various compositions may be economically produced. A layer number and thickness of the multilayer may be controlled to a nano-sized thickness by applying various types of pulses or by connecting a plurality of electrolytic cells in series and stepwise or repeatedly transferring adding an electroforming layer to the electrolytic cells under a DC application condition.

The invention relates to a corrosion protection layer system for metal surfaces, said layer system comprising as the two top most layers: a) a discontinuous nickel-phosphorus layer and b) a chromium layer plated from a trivalent chromium electrolyte solution, as well as to a method of producing such a layer system. The inventive layer system is capable to combine the good corrosion resistance of the nickel-phosphorus layer against sodium chloride with the protective power of the chromium layer from the trivalent plating process against magnesium and calcium salts, especially without the need for any post-treatment.

A galvanically decorated component made of plastic has a galvanically applied chrome layer, wherein the chrome layer is processed with a laser in such a way that a mechanically applied brush structure or structure is reproduced on the surface. The component decorated in this way satisfies all requirements in accordance with the respective test specifications of the planned area of application. A method produces a plastic component having a structured surface. Components of this type made of plastic for the automotive industry are substantially decorative and operative elements.

A galvanically decorated component made of plastic has a galvanically applied chrome layer, wherein the chrome layer is processed with a laser in such a way that a mechanically applied brush structure or structure is reproduced on the surface. The component decorated in this way satisfies all requirements in accordance with the respective test specifications of the planned area of application. A method produces a plastic component having a structured surface. Components of this type made of plastic for the automotive industry are substantially decorative and operative elements.

According to a chromium plating product including a substrate, a glossy nickel plating layer formed on the substrate, a nickel plating layer containing titanium formed on the glossy nickel plating layer, and a trivalent chromium plating layer formed on the nickel plating layer containing titanium and having a microporous structure, the chromium plating product includes the trivalent chromium plating layer as the exterior, and has high corrosion resistance. Further, the control of a plating solution and plating conditions for obtaining the same is easy.

Superconformally filling a recessed feature includes: contacting the recessed feature with superconformal filling composition that includes: Au(SO.sub.3).sub.2.sup.3 anions; SO.sub.3.sup.2 anions; and Bi.sup.3+ cations; convectively transporting Au(SO.sub.3).sub.2.sup.3 and Bi.sup.3+ to the bottom member of the recessed feature; subjecting the recessed feature to an electrical current to superconformally deposit gold from the Au(SO.sub.3).sub.2.sup.3 on the bottom member relative to the sidewall and the field, the electrical current providing a cathodic voltage; and increasing the electrical current subjected to the field and the recessed feature to maintain the cathodic voltage between 0.85 V and 1.00 V relative to the SSE during superconformally depositing gold on the substrate to superconformally fill the recessed feature of the article with gold as a superconformal filling of gold, the superconformal filling being void-free and seam-free.

An advanced electrodeposited copper foil having long and island-shaped microstructures and a copper clad laminate using the same are provided. The advanced electrodeposited copper foil includes a micro-roughened surface. The micro-roughened surface has a plurality of copper crystals, a plurality of copper whiskers and a plurality of copper crystal groups which are in a non-uniform distribution and form into a long and island-shaped pattern.

The invention relates to a corrosion protection layer system for metal surfaces, said layer system comprising as the two top most layers: a) a discontinuous nickel-phosphorus layer and b) a chromium layer plated from a trivalent chromium electrolyte solution, and method of producing such a corrosion protection layer system. The corrosion protection layer system provides corrosion resistance of the nickel-phosphorus layer against sodium chloride with the protection of the chromium layer produced from a trivalent process again magnesium salts, without the need for any post-treatment.

A steel sheet for a fuel tank according to the present invention includes: a ZnNi alloy plated layer placed on one surface or each of both surfaces of a base metal; and a chromate-free chemical conversion coating film which is placed over the ZnNi alloy plated layer. The ZnNi alloy plated layer has a crack starting from an interface with the chromate-free chemical conversion coating film and reaching an interface with the steel sheet, the chromate-free chemical conversion coating film consists of an organosilicon compound consisting of a condensation polymer of a silane coupling agent, a phosphoric acid compound and/or a phosphonic acid compound, a vanadium compound, and a titanium compound and/or a zirconium compound, and a concentration of a total of amounts in terms of metal, per surface, of the phosphoric acid compound and/or the phosphonic acid compound+the vanadium compound+the titanium compound and/or the zirconium compound, is 5 mass % to 20 mass %.

Methods for electrodeposition using aqueous electrolytes where water molecules are depleted are described herein. Methods of electrodepositing superconducting thin films from aqueous electrolytes where water molecules are depleted are also described herein.