This invention relates to compositions and methods for the at least partial dissolution, disruption and/or removal of deposit, such as scale and other deposit, from heat exchanger components. The heat exchanger components can include pressurized water reactor steam generators. In accordance with the invention, elemental metal is added locally to the surface of the deposit and/or anodic or cathodic current is applied locally to the deposit surface to destabilize or weaken the deposit. Subsequently, mechanical stress is applied to the weakened deposit to disrupt and remove the deposit from the surface of the heat exchanger component.

This invention relates to compositions and methods for the at least partial dissolution, disruption and/or removal of deposit, such as scale and other deposit, from heat exchanger components. The heat exchanger components can include pressurized water reactor steam generators. In accordance with the invention, elemental metal is added locally to the surface of the deposit and/or anodic or cathodic current is applied locally to the deposit surface to destabilize or weaken the deposit. Subsequently, mechanical stress is applied to the weakened deposit to disrupt and remove the deposit from the surface of the heat exchanger component.

A method of manufacturing tin-plated copper terminal material as a terminal crimped to a terminal end of an electric wire made of an aluminum wire material, using a base member of copper or copper alloy in which galvanic corrosion is not easy to occur and an adhesiveness of a tin layer is excellent, the method includes: a zinc-nickel alloy layer forming step forming a zinc-nickel alloy layer having a nickel content of 5 mass % to 50 mass % inclusive and a thickness of 0.1 m to 5.0 m inclusive on a base member made of copper or copper alloy; and a tin-plating step forming a tin layer by tin plating on the zinc-nickel alloy layer; more preferably, following the tin-plating step, the method includes a diffusion treatment step diffusing zinc from the zinc-nickel alloy layer to the tin layer by maintaining at 40 C. to 160 C. inclusive for 30 minutes or longer.

A method of manufacturing tin-plated copper terminal material as a terminal crimped to a terminal end of an electric wire made of an aluminum wire material, using a base member of copper or copper alloy in which galvanic corrosion is not easy to occur and an adhesiveness of a tin layer is excellent, the method includes: a zinc-nickel alloy layer forming step forming a zinc-nickel alloy layer having a nickel content of 5 mass % to 50 mass % inclusive and a thickness of 0.1 m to 5.0 m inclusive on a base member made of copper or copper alloy; and a tin-plating step forming a tin layer by tin plating on the zinc-nickel alloy layer; more preferably, following the tin-plating step, the method includes a diffusion treatment step diffusing zinc from the zinc-nickel alloy layer to the tin layer by maintaining at 40 C. to 160 C. inclusive for 30 minutes or longer.

Disclosed is a method of fabricating an aluminum alloy member for bonding different materials. The method may include etching the aluminum alloy member with one or more etching solutions, and forming one or more undercuts on a surface of the aluminum alloy member.

A method of manufacturing tin-plated copper terminal material as a terminal crimped to a terminal end of an electric wire made of an aluminum wire material, using a base member of copper or copper alloy in which galvanic corrosion is not easy to occur and an adhesiveness of a tin layer is excellent, the method includes: a zinc-nickel alloy layer forming step forming a zinc-nickel alloy layer having a nickel content of 5 mass % to 50 mass % inclusive and a thickness of 0.1 m to 5.0 m inclusive on a base member made of copper or copper alloy; and a tin-plating step forming a tin layer by tin plating on the zinc-nickel alloy layer; more preferably, following the tin-plating step, the method includes a diffusion treatment step diffusing zinc from the zinc-nickel alloy layer to the tin layer by maintaining at 40 C. to 160 C. inclusive for 30 minutes or longer.

A method of manufacturing tin-plated copper terminal material as a terminal crimped to a terminal end of an electric wire made of an aluminum wire material, using a base member of copper or copper alloy in which galvanic corrosion is not easy to occur and an adhesiveness of a tin layer is excellent, the method includes: a zinc-nickel alloy layer forming step forming a zinc-nickel alloy layer having a nickel content of 5 mass % to 50 mass % inclusive and a thickness of 0.1 m to 5.0 m inclusive on a base member made of copper or copper alloy; and a tin-plating step forming a tin layer by tin plating on the zinc-nickel alloy layer; more preferably, following the tin-plating step, the method includes a diffusion treatment step diffusing zinc from the zinc-nickel alloy layer to the tin layer by maintaining at 40 C. to 160 C. inclusive for 30 minutes or longer.

The invention relates to a weld cleaning fluid, and method of cleaning weld or discoloration especially on stainless steel. Stainless steel welds, such as those done by TIG welding, require cleaning to remove the resulting surface discoloration and also to passivate the steel. This is often done using an electro-cleaning apparatus with the assistance of electrolyte cleaning fluids. A new cleaning fluid has been developed that has a generally neutral pH, instead of the highly acidic nature of previously used fluids, which avoids environmental and safety issues. The cleaning fluid composition preferably has potassium or sodium orthophosphate salts as the main active ingredient, or similar such salts, and has a pH of around 7. It may also include a sequestering or chelating agent such as a sodium and/or potassium salt of EDTA, and coloring and fragrance.

The invention relates to a weld cleaning fluid, and method of cleaning weld or discoloration especially on stainless steel. Stainless steel welds, such as those done by TIG welding, require cleaning to remove the resulting surface discoloration and also to passivate the steel. This is often done using an electro-cleaning apparatus with the assistance of electrolyte cleaning fluids. A new cleaning fluid has been developed that has a generally neutral pH, instead of the highly acidic nature of previously used fluids, which avoids environmental and safety issues. The cleaning fluid composition preferably has potassium or sodium orthophosphate salts as the main active ingredient, or similar such salts, and has a pH of around 7. It may also include a sequestering or chelating agent such as a sodium and/or potassium salt of EDTA, and coloring and fragrance.

An electro-anti deposit device is coupled to an irrigation pipe for removing mineral deposit from drippers of the pipe. The electro-anti deposit device includes an engine configured to move the electro-anti deposit device along the pipe. The electro-anti deposit device also includes a mineral deposit removal module. The mineral deposit removal module includes a water container, a battery, and two electrodes. The water container may be configured to create an ionic environment at a dripper. The dripper may be covered with the mineral deposit. The battery may be configured to generate electric current. The two electrodes may be connected to two poles of the battery with a space separating tips of the two electrodes.