A crystal structure of a Non-LTR-retroelement reverse transcriptase and methods of using the same to identify enzymes with improved activity are provided. Mutant reverse transcriptase enzymes and methods of using the same are also provided.

The present disclosure relates to a process for preparing coated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and relates as well to coated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtainable by the process described herein. These new CNC hybrid nanomaterials are expected to be useful, for example, for the conjugation and electrostatic complexation with various functional moieties such as free metal ions, carboxylic acids, and epoxy and aldehyde derivatives. The disclosure further relates to a method to fabricate N-doped carbon nanomaterial from the coated CNCs.

The present disclosure relates to a process for preparing coated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and relates as well to coated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtainable by the process described herein. These new CNC hybrid nanomaterials are expected to be useful, for example, for the conjugation and electrostatic complexation with various functional moieties such as free metal ions, carboxylic acids, and epoxy and aldehyde derivatives. The disclosure further relates to a method to fabricate N-doped carbon nanomaterial from the coated CNCs.

The present invention provides a crystal of a monovalent cation salt of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (hereinafter, referred to as HMB), which is excellent in solubility and easy to handle, and a process for producing the crystal. A crystal of a monovalent cation salt of HMB is precipitated in an aqueous HMB solution containing a monovalent cation-containing compound and having a pH of 4.0 to 9.0, and the crystal of a monovalent cation salt of HMB is thereafter collected from the aqueous solution.

The present invention provides a crystal of a monovalent cation salt of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (hereinafter, referred to as HMB), which is excellent in solubility and easy to handle, and a process for producing the crystal. A crystal of a monovalent cation salt of HMB is precipitated in an aqueous HMB solution containing a monovalent cation-containing compound and having a pH of 4.0 to 9.0, and the crystal of a monovalent cation salt of HMB is thereafter collected from the aqueous solution.

Methods and systems are provided for serial femtosecond crystallography for reducing the vast amount of waste of injected crystals practiced with traditional continuous flow injections. A micrometer-scale 3-D printed water-in-oil droplet generator device includes an oil phase inlet channel, an aqueous phase inlet channel, a droplet flow outlet channel, and two embedded non-contact electrodes. The inlet and outlet channels are connected internally at a junction. The electrodes comprise gallium metal injected within the 3-D printed device. Voltage across the electrodes generates water-in-oil droplets, determines a rate for a series of droplets, or triggers a phase shift in the droplets. An external trigger generates the droplets based on the frequency of an XFEL utilized in droplet detection, thereby synchronizing a series of droplets with x-ray pulses for efficient crystal detection. The generated droplets can be coupled to an SFX with XFEL experiment compatible with common liquid injector such as a GDVN.

A fiber-containing crystal includes a crystal body which is a crystal of a biological substance and a plurality of fibers at least partially incorporated in the crystal body; and a fiber-containing crystal includes a crystal body which is an easy-disintegrating crystal and a plurality of fibers at least partially incorporated in the crystal body.

A fiber-containing crystal includes a crystal body which is a crystal of a biological substance and a plurality of fibers at least partially incorporated in the crystal body; and a fiber-containing crystal includes a crystal body which is an easy-disintegrating crystal and a plurality of fibers at least partially incorporated in the crystal body.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a synthetic gemstone, which manufactures a synthetic gemstone from a body tissue separated from a person or an animal, the method including: extracting a biological material from the body tissue; preparing a mixed material by mixing the biological material with a gemstone material; and growing a synthetic gemstone on a crystal seed as a single crystal by melting the mixed material.

Provided is a method for manufacturing a synthetic gemstone, which manufactures a synthetic gemstone from a body tissue separated from a person or an animal, the method including: extracting a biological material from the body tissue; preparing a mixed material by mixing the biological material with a gemstone material; and growing a synthetic gemstone on a crystal seed as a single crystal by melting the mixed material.