A factor that is caused by a nucleic acid and influences the kinetics of an extracellular vesicle is screened. A library of barcoded extracellular vesicles is provided.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide methods and compositions that facilitate cancer treatment including at least because they concern therapies that circumvent the tumor microenvironment. In specific embodiments, compositions are utilized for therapy that utilize tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and/or engineered T cells that are protected from immunosuppression from the tumor microenvironment because they are engineered to have reduced or eliminated expression of transforming growth factor-beta receptor 2 and/or I-cell-Ig-and-ITIM-domain and/or CD7 genes.

Provided herein are expression cassettes comprising at least one copy of an enhancer element, wherein the enhancer element comprises or consists essentially of a nucleotide sequence at least 50% identical to any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 and vectors comprising the expression cassettes. Also provided herein are cells transduced with the expression cassettes or the vectors. Further described herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of one or more of: the cell, the expression cassette, or the vector of this disclosure. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating a hemoglobinopathy in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of the pharmacological compositions described herein.

The disclosure provides a synthetic biology toolkit that enables precise and effective control of gene expression in A. tumefaciens and related Rhizobia. Inducible expression systems were constructed, characterized, and optimized to obtain an expression system regulated through amplifier introduction and promoter engineering, and cognate promoters were produced and evaluated. To establish a fine-tunability, a series of spacers and a promoter library were constructed to systematically modulate both translational and transcriptional rates. The application of the tools was demonstrated by coexpressing genes with altered expression levels using a single signal. The studies carried out provide precise expression tools, facilitating rational engineering of in A. tumefaciens and related Rhizobia bacteria for advanced plant biotechnological applications.

The present invention relates to a method for identifying a DNA target sequence of an endonuclease. Substrate libraries for use in this method and methods of engineering endonucleases to have improved cleavage efficiency for a particular substrate form other aspects of the invention.

The present invention relates to a method for identifying a DNA target sequence of an endonuclease. Substrate libraries for use in this method and methods of engineering endonucleases to have improved cleavage efficiency for a particular substrate form other aspects of the invention.

Disclosed herein, inter alia, are nanoarrays and methods of use thereof.

The present disclosure provides a method for methylation analysis of genomic fragments.

The disclosure relates to a method of evaluating functions of cancer mutations using base editors and guide RNAs, an evaluation system for mutations, and a computer-readable recording medium in which is recorded a program for executing the method by a computer.

Provided herein is a polymerase-free enzyme mix (FRAG) for fragmenting double-stranded DNA. In some embodiments the enzyme mix may comprise a double-stranded DNA nickase and at least one of a DNA ligase capable of sealing a nick within a DNA, and a single-strand specific DNA nuclease. Methods for fragmenting double-stranded DNA are also provided.