An example of a flow cell includes a substrate, a plurality of chambers defined on or in the substrate, and a plurality of depressions defined in the substrate and within a perimeter of each of the plurality of chambers. The depressions are separated by interstitial regions. Primers are attached within each of the plurality of depressions, and a capture site is located within each of the plurality of chambers.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a structure includes: a substrate having a patterned surface of one or more binding sites; and a molecular shape made by a polynucleotide platform having a shape corresponding to a shape of a binding site of the one or more binding sites, the molecular shape being bound to one of the one or more binding sites.

Disclosed is a novel technique of directly isolating nucleic acids from a biological sample and use of the isolated nucleic acid complexes for various applications and assays such as biobanking and sequencing.

The invention is directed to methods for synthesizing oligonucleotides direction on biomolecules or cells living or fixed. In some embodiments, template-free enzymatic synthesis is implemented under biological conditions with successive cycles of (i) enzymatic addition of a 3′-O-blocked nucleoside triphosphate and (ii) enzymatic deblocking of the incorporated nucleotide to regenerate a free 3′ hydroxyl. The invention has applications in single-cell cDNA library construction and analysis.

Disclosed is a novel technique of directly isolating nucleic acids from a biological sample and use of the isolated nucleic acid complexes for various applications and assays such as biobanking and sequencing.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a solid support suitable for synthesizing nucleic acid sequences. The solid support may have a structure according to Formula I, where CPG is controlled pore glass, and m, n, x, y, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined herein.

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Also disclosed are methods for making and using the solid support, kits including solid support, and a universal linker phosphoramidite suitable for use in the solid support.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a solid support suitable for synthesizing nucleic acid sequences. The solid support may have a structure according to Formula I, where CPG is controlled pore glass, and m, n, x, y, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined herein.

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Also disclosed are methods for making and using the solid support, kits including solid support, and a universal linker phosphoramidite suitable for use in the solid support.

A method for DNA synthesis using protected nucleosides is disclosed. The nucleosides may be nucleoside triphosphates or nucleoside phosphoramidites with nucleobases attached to electrochemically-cleavable linkers. Removal of a protecting group by application of a voltage in solution triggers a cyclization reaction that cleaves the electrochemically-cleavable linkers. The electrochemically-cleavable linkers may include an amide linkage and an amide that forms a lactam or an ester linkage and a protected alcohol that forms a lactone when the protecting group is removed. The voltage used to cleave the electrochemically-cleavable linkers may be generated by activation of individual electrodes on a microelectrode array. The microelectrode array can be a substrate for solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides. Activation of specific electrodes removes the protecting groups at those electrodes and thus enables spatially-controlled extension of the oligonucleotides. Protected nucleosides linked to protecting groups by electrochemically-cleavable linkers are also disclosed.

Methods and compositions are disclosed relating to the localization of nucleic acids to arrays such as silane-free arrays, and of sequencing the nucleic acids localized thereby.

Methods and compositions are disclosed relating to the localization of nucleic acids to arrays such as silane-free arrays, and of sequencing the nucleic acids localized thereby.