The electronic structure of nanowires, nanotubes and thin films deposited on a substrate is varied by doping with electrons or holes. The electronic structure can then be tuned by varying the support material or by applying a gate voltage. The electronic structure can be controlled to absorb a gas, store a gas, or release a gas, such as hydrogen, oxygen, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and the like.

The present invention concerns a hydrogen store comprising a hydrogenable material, and a method for producing a hydrogen store.

The hydrogen storage element for a hydrogen store comprises a pressed article having a hydrogen-storing first material and having a thermally conductive second material, wherein the second material is in thermal contact with the hydrogen-storing first material and has, in some regions, a different three-dimensional distribution within the pressed article.

In a member having a hydrogen-containing, amorphous carbon coating having a relatively smooth surface, similarly amorphous, fine carbon particles are dispersed in the hydrogen-containing, amorphous carbon coating to have improved cracking resistance while keeping smoothness on the surface and hardness in the entire coating. Specifically, fine particles discharged from a carbon cathode of an arc evaporation source by arc discharge are introduced into the coating, so that similarly amorphous, fine carbon particles are dispersed in the hydrogen-containing, amorphous carbon coating.

A hydrogen storage composite material includes: a graphene oxide framework provided as a porous structure and having an average pore diameter of 1 to 2 nm; and the graphene oxide framework is impregnated with a metal hydride, the graphene oxide framework comprises: a graphene oxide; and a linker connecting the graphene oxide.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to methods for hydrogen storage and a composition comprising hydrogenated graphene formed by the disclosed methods. In one aspect, the method comprises: irradiating a graphene sample with electrons at energies of about 1 keV to about 40 keV at about 1 atm of pressure, thereby forming hydrogenated graphene. Also disclosed herein is a method for releasing stored hydrogen, comprising heating a hydrogenated graphene sample formed by a method disclosed herein at a temperature of about 240 C. to about 300 C. Also disclosed herein is a system for hydrogenating graphene, comprising a graphene sample and an electron accelerator configured to irradiate the graphene sample with electrons in ambient air at about 1 atm of pressure. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The invention includes apparatus and methods for instantiating materials, such as gases and hydrogen, in a nanoporous carbon powder.

Disclosed is a method of: providing a hydrogenated sp.sup.2 carbon allotrope, and releasing hydrogen gas from the carbon allotrope. The method may use an apparatus having: a vessel for containing the hydrogenated sp.sup.2 carbon allotrope, a fuel cell capable of using hydrogen gas a fuel, and a tube for transporting hydrogen gas from the vessel to the fuel cell. The carbon allotrope may be made by: providing a mixture of an sp.sup.2 carbon allotrope and liquid ammonia, adding an alkali metal to the mixture, and sonicating the mixture to form a hydrogenated form of the carbon allotrope. The hydrogenated carbon can be at least 3.5 wt % hydrogen covalently bound to the carbon.

The present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel storage device, comprising: an innermost shell forming a hydrogen storage space; wherein the porous carbon material are filled in the hydrogen storage space; an inner shell forms a shape surrounding the innermost shell; a nitrogen storage space is formed between the outer surface of the innermost shell and the inner surface of the inner shell; an insulation layer surrounding the outer surface of the inner shell; an outer shell surrounding the insulation layer; a vacuum space is formed between the outer surface of the insulation layer and the inner surface of the outer shell; a plurality of heating equipment is arranged inside the nitrogen storage space, a plurality of sensors is arranged inside the hydrogen storage space and the nitrogen storage space.

Disclosed is a method of: providing a hydrogenated sp.sup.2 carbon allotrope, and releasing hydrogen gas from the carbon allotrope. The method may be used an apparatus having: a vessel for containing the hydrogenated sp.sup.2 carbon allotrope, a fuel cell capable of using hydrogen gas a fuel, and a tube for transporting hydrogen gas from the vessel to the fuel cell. The carbon allotrope may be made by: providing a mixture of an sp.sup.2 carbon allotrope and liquid ammonia, adding an alkali metal to the mixture, and sonicating the mixture to form a hydrogenated form of the carbon allotrope. The hydrogenated carbon can be at least 3.5 wt % hydrogen covalently bound to the carbon.