A heat generating system includes a heat-generating element cell and a circulation device. The heat-generating element cell includes a container having a recovery port and a discharge port, and a reactant that is provided in the container, is made from a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, has metal nanoparticles on a surface of the reactant. The heat-generating element cell generates excess heat when hydrogen-based gas contributing to heat generation is supplied into the container and hydrogen atoms are occluded in the metal nanoparticles. The circulation device circulates the hydrogen-based gas in the heat-generating element cell. The circulation device includes a circulating passage that is provided outside the container and connects the recovery port to the discharge port, a pump circulates the hydrogen-based gas in the container via the circulating passage, and a filter on the circulating passage adsorbs and removes the impurities in the hydrogen-based gas.

To provide a hydrogen storage unit that can heat a storage container including hydrogen absorbing alloy with favorable thermal efficiency, and a fuel cell system provided with the hydrogen storage unit. The cell body of the fuel cell is provided with a fuel cell stack configured to react hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity, and a stack cooling passage configured to cool the fuel cell stack by circulation of a heat medium. The hydrogen storage unit of the hydrogen supply unit of the fuel cell is provided with: a housing; a plurality of cylinders that are housed in the housing and include hydrogen absorbing alloy; and a temperature control member having a heat medium flowing through the temperature control member so as to heat or cool the cylinder.

Provided are a CaMg.sub.2-based alloy hydride material for hydrolysis production of hydrogen, a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. The material has a general formula of CaMg.sub.xM.sub.yH.sub.z, wherein M is Ni, Co or Fe, 1.5≦x<2.0, 0<y≦0.5, and 3≦z<6. The preparation method for the material comprises the following steps: (1) stacking three pure metal block materials in a crucible, wherein a metal block material M is placed at the top; (2) installing the crucible in a high-frequency induction melting furnace, evacuating and introducing an argon gas; (3) starting the high-frequency induction melting furnace to heat at a low power first, then increasing the power to uniformly fuse same; and thereafter cooling with the furnace to obtain an alloy ingot, and hammer-milling to obtain a hydrogen storage alloy based on CaMg.sub.2; and (4) hydrogenating the hammer-milled hydrogen storage alloy to obtain the material for hydrolysis production of hydrogen. The preparation method is simple and low in cost. The material can absorb hydrogen at normal temperature with a good hydrogen absorption performance The prepared hydrogen is pure, and can be directly introduced into and used in a hydrogen fuel battery.

A heat generating method includes: heating, with a heater, a heat generating element and causing a first heat generating reaction in which the heat generating element generates heat with a first heat generation amount and triggering a second heat generating reaction in which the heat generating element generates heat with a second heat generation amount larger than the first heat generation amount, by imparting a perturbation to an input power to be applied to the heater in a state where the first heat generating reaction is occurring. The heat generating element includes a base made of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a proton conductor, and a multilayer film provided on a surface of the base, with a stacked configuration of a first layer and a second layer made of different materials and both having a thickness of less than 1,000 nm.

A method for producing a homogenous molten composition and a fluid product is disclosed. For example, the method includes producing a first molten metal composition in an enclosed volume, contacting a hydrocarbon reactant with the first molten metal composition, decomposing the hydrocarbon reactant into at least one fluid product and carbon, forming a metal alloy from a mixture of the carbon and the first molten metal composition, and separating a homogenous second molten composition from the metal alloy.

Processes for producing a metal superhydride include obtaining a metal or metal alloy electrode comprising one or more metal atoms, obtaining an electrolyte comprising hydrogen atoms, the electrolyte configured to kinetically suppress a hydrogen evolution reaction in the metal electrode, disposing the metal electrode in the electrolyte, applying pressure to the metal electrode and the electrolyte while the metal electrode is disposed in the electrolyte, and forming, based on applying the pressure, a metal superhydride comprising a plurality of hydrogen atoms of the electrolyte being bonded to each of the one or more metal atoms of the metal electrode. Generally, the metal superhydride is stable at a pressure less than 100 gigapascal (GPa).

A hydrogen generating element of an electrochemical apparatus may include a compacted homogenous body of an alloy-like material which contains at least 60 wt.-%, preferably more than 75 wt.-%, of Mg or a Mg alloy, 5 to 20 wt.-% Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, and 5 to 20 wt.-% of an electrolyte precursor material.

Provided are a novel heat utilization system and heat generating device that utilize an inexpensive, clean, and safe heat energy source. A heat utilization system 10 includes a heat-generating element 14 configured to generate heat by occluding and discharging hydrogen, a sealed container 15 having a first chamber 21 and a second chamber 22 partitioned by the heat-generating element 14, and a temperature adjustment unit 16 configured to adjust a temperature of the heat-generating element 14. The first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 have different hydrogen pressures. The heat-generating element 14 includes a support element 61 made of at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen permeable film, and a proton conductor, and a multilayer film 62 supported by the support element 61. The multilayer film 62 has a first layer 71 made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm and a second layer 72 made of a hydrogen a hydrogen storage metal different from that of the first layer, a hydrogen storage alloy different from that of the first layer, or ceramics and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm.

A palladium hydride nanomaterial includes nanostructures having a chemical composition represented by the formula: M.sub.y—Pd.sub.xH.sub.z, where M is at least one metal different from palladium; x has a non-zero value in the range of 0 to 5; y has a value in the range of 0 to 5; and z has a non-zero value in the range of 0 to 5.

A hydrogen storage composite material includes: a graphene oxide framework provided as a porous structure and having an average pore diameter of 1 to 2 nm; and the graphene oxide framework is impregnated with a metal hydride, the graphene oxide framework comprises: a graphene oxide; and a linker connecting the graphene oxide.