Systems for abatement of pollutants in an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine including a hydrogen injection article configured to introduce hydrogen upstream of a catalytic article are effective for the abatement of carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons and/or nitrogen oxides. The introduction of hydrogen may be intermittent and/or during a cold-start period.

Methods and apparatus for increasing vacancies in a metallic structure are disclosed and for improving a hydrogen loading ratio in the metallic structure. The metallic structure comprises one or more transition metals or metal alloys. The metallic structure is prepared by forming a metal organic precursor and reducing the precursor to a metallic structure, in which a coordination number of the metal atoms is reduced and the vacancies in the metallic structure are increased.

A hydrogen storage cartridge small and lightweight allows storage and discharge of hydrogen at low pressure and normal temperature. It also can effectively absorb the volume expansion accompanying atomization of a hydrogen storage alloy that occurs due to repeated storage and discharge of hydrogen, and therefore a hydrogen storage cartridge (A) is provided in which deformation due to repeated use, and in particular irregular deformation, extremely unlikely, also it can effectively avoid hydrogen storage irregularities of the hydrogen storage alloy. The hydrogen storage cartridge (A) is used for storage of hydrogen contained in biomass thermal decomposition gas, wherein the material of the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) is pure titanium, and the hydrogen storage cartridge (A) includes in the interior space (1), as a hydrogen storage alloy, at least one hydrogen storage alloy selected from the group comprising lanthanum mischmetal/nickel, titanium/iron, calcium/nickel, and lanthanum/nickel.

Hydrogen storage negative electrodes based on group IV elements, for example hydrogen storage negative electrodes based on silicon and/or carbon, are highly effective towards reversibly charging/discharging hydrogen in an hydride electrochemical cell.

A solid-state hydrogen storage device and a solid-state hydrogen storage system are provided. The solid-state hydrogen storage device includes a storage unit that stores a first hydrogen storage material therein and a heat medium pipe that is disposed in the storage unit including a heat medium and a second hydrogen storage material. The heat medium pipe includes a separating pipe disposed therein to separate the heat medium and the second hydrogen storage material from each other, and the second hydrogen storage material is disposed in the separating pipe.

A hydrogen storage assembly, in particular for a fuel cell system in a vehicle, includes at least one hydrogen tank for storage of liquid hydrogen and at least one hydrogen sorption/catalyst unit for sorption and catalytic conversion of gaseous hydrogen released from the at least one hydrogen tank. Also, a fuel cell system includes the hydrogen storage assembly.

A heating/cooling system for furnishing employs an electrochemical heat transfer device. An electrochemical heat transfer device may be an electrochemical hydrogen compressor that pumps hydrogen into and out of a tank having a metal hydride forming alloy therein. The absorption of hydrogen by the metal hydride forming alloy is exothermic, produces heat, and the desorption of the hydrogen from the metal hydride forming, alloy is endothermic and draws heat in. An electrochemical hydrogen compressor may be configured between the tanks and pump hydrogen back and forth to form a heat transfer device. A heat exchange device may be coupled with the tank or may comprise the outer surface of the tank to transfer heat to an object or to the surroundings. A closed loop may be configured having two tanks and one or two electrochemical hydrogen compressors to pump the hydrogen in a loop around the system.

The system comprises a steam reforming unit to produce hydrogen from exhaust gas supplied, a hydrogen permeable membrane to allow only hydrogen produced by the steam reforming unit to pass through it, a hydrogen storage unit to absorb hydrogen supplied through the hydrogen permeable membrane and release absorbed hydrogen, a fuel cell to generate power using hydrogen supplied from the hydrogen storage unit, a gas clean-up unit to clean up residual gases delivered not passing through the hydrogen permeable membrane, and a control unit to control the hydrogen storage unit to absorb or release hydrogen depending on whether the fuel cell is supplied with sufficient hydrogen.

A method of estimating life of a nickel-metal hydride battery that accommodates a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate facing the positive electrode plate with a separator therebetween and containing a hydrogen absorbing alloy together with an electrolyte is disclosed. A charge phase of charging the nickel-metal hydride battery and a discharge phase of discharging the nickel-metal hydride battery after the charge phase constitutes one cycle for charge/discharge of the nickel-metal hydride battery. The method includes: determining a rate of change after one charge/discharge cycle of a surface area of the negative electrode plate which is a boundary face in contact with the electrolyte, and determining an amount of corrosion of the hydrogen absorbing alloy based on the rate of change accumulated for n charge/discharge cycles to estimate the life of the nickel-metal hydride battery based on the amount of corrosion.

The present disclosure relates to improved processes for the preparation of metal hydrides. The present disclosure also relates to metal hydrides, e.g., metal hydrides prepared by the processes described herein, that exhibit enhanced hydrogen storage capacity when used as hydrogen storage systems.