The present application relates to the storage of gases, using a porous composite based on a porous matrix and an organic compound confined in solid form within pores of the matrix with a diameter of less than 10 nm.

Disclosed is a method of: providing a hydrogenated sp.sup.2 carbon allotrope, and releasing hydrogen gas from the carbon allotrope. The method may be used an apparatus having: a vessel for containing the hydrogenated sp.sup.2 carbon allotrope, a fuel cell capable of using hydrogen gas a fuel, and a tube for transporting hydrogen gas from the vessel to the fuel cell. The carbon allotrope may be made by: providing a mixture of an sp.sup.2 carbon allotrope and liquid ammonia, adding an alkali metal to the mixture, and sonicating the mixture to form a hydrogenated form of the carbon allotrope. The hydrogenated carbon can be at least 3.5 wt % hydrogen covalently bound to the carbon.

The present application is generally directed to gas storage materials such as activated carbon comprising enhanced gas adsorption properties. The gas storage materials find utility in any number of gas storage applications. Methods for making the gas storage materials are also disclosed.

Disclosed herein are ionomer blends and high temperature polymer electrolyte membranes for use in electrochemical cells. The ionomer blends include a mixture of polyphosphonic acids and polysulfonic acids. The high temperature polymer electrolyte membranes include crosslinked polymeric networks.

This invention in one aspect relates to an iron-based foam usable for an electrochemical device, comprising a composition comprising iron and a refractory element processed to form the iron-based foam having a hierarchical porous structure with self-assembled channels for gas flow reactions and internal space to accommodate volumetric changes on oxidation.

This invention in one aspect relates to an iron-based foam usable for an electrochemical device, comprising a composition comprising iron and a refractory element processed to form the iron-based foam having a hierarchical porous structure with self-assembled channels for gas flow reactions and internal space to accommodate volumetric changes on oxidation.